Section A Flashcards
Overpopulated Country
Bangladesh
- 2.19% of the worlds population
- Lack of knowledge, need children to help with work, few medical facilities, women don’t work, no pension system
- Too many people live in fertile land
- Annual flooding + death rate
- High population density –> bad housing, healthcare, education
- Shanty towns
Underpopulated Country
Australia
- Vast, lots of desert in the centre, people don’t live there
- Natural reserve of: Oil, natural gas, uranium, gold, metal ores
- low birth and low fertility rates, people are well educated in family planning, many different natural resources with many reserves, large areas of fertile land
- Not many people born in Australia live there, most kids are homeschooled, high taxes, most people are wealthy
High Population Growth
Niger
- Average age is 15
- Death age is decreasing, better healthcare, more access to vaccines, better health education
- Number of children increases by 750k yearly
- More demand for schools
- Most kids are underweight
- Proposing to ban child marriage, promotion of female education, married and pregnant girls should be allowed to attend school, child protection programs, access to contraception
Declining Population
Italy
- 1/4 of the population is over 65, average age is 46, less women are carrying babies, better female education, difficulty affording to have many kids, lack of affordable housing
- Raise pension age so people will continue working as several people are already dependant, taxes fall, less demand for teachers, companies have issues recruiting young workers
- 800 euros for expecting mothers, Baby bonus for struggling families, increased funding for childcare.
Pro-Natalist Country
France
- “Code de la famille”:
Offering cash incentives to mothers who stayed at home to care for children, Subsidising holidays, banning the sale of contraceptives - Payment up to £1064 to couples having a 3rd child, maternity leave with almost full pay for 20 weeks for the 1st child to 40 weeks or more for 3rd child, 30% fare reduction on all public transport for 3 child families
-Depending on families income, childcare costs virtually nothing to around 500 euros a month for the most well of families
Anti-Natalist Country
China
Failures:
- They receive many criticisms about human rights, freedom of choice, abortions and sterilisations.
- There is now a sex imbalance in China.
- Many children have been abandoned for adoption.
- There is an ageing population and an increased dependency ratio
There has been a shortage of workers in some areas.
- The population is still 1.3 billion and growing.
Successes:
- The total fertility rate, population growth rate, and
birth rates have fallen
- Contraception has increased
Migration
Mexico to USA
Economic factors
- In 2017, the average worker in Mexico earned approximately one quarter of the wages an average worker in the USA was earning.
Healthcare factors
- The child mortality rate in Mexico is substantially higher than in USA, reflecting differences in disease prevention, healthcare services and possibly nutrition.
Impacts
- Immigration to the USA has impacts both in the USA (host country) and the communities they leave (country of origin).
Ageing Population
Japan
- Birth rates falling for nearly 40 years
- High numbers of people living to old ages
- Third of population is over 60 years
- High average life expectancy at 84 years
- 92000 people over the age of 100
- Deaths higher than births
- As there is large number of older people, it leads to higher number of deaths
Causes of an elder population:
- Medical examinations
Good healthcare provision for all. Preferences for low-fat diets. Reduces risks of medical issues. Incidents of diseases could be detected early and treated.
Japan’s falling birth rate is linked to their life expectancy. The fact that there are more older people who need to be taken care of by younger people, or taking in account the long working hours, could lead to less time/money for these ones to raise a child. These two factors lead to young people delaying marriage and family planning. All this led to an older population, and fewer people to support them.
This is causing strain on health and welfare in Japan.
more nursing homes
adult day-care centers
home health services
providing gym for older population to stay active and further prolong their life expectancy
Economics at risk → fewer people at working age
A higher number of young ages could be beneficial for a population as they tend to have less health problems and can devote more time to work.
Densely Populated Country
Netherlands
- 17 million people who live at a population density of over 400 people per km2.
- Population density is among the highest in Europe.
Physical factors
- A large part of the country is a flat landscape. This flat landscape makes it easier to build and expand settlements and cities.
- As well as the land being flat, it also has good soil fertility and abundant water supplies. This makes excellent agricultural land.
Social factors
- Most of the urban population lives in buildings. This means that the cities do not expand too much into the green spaces that surround them.
- The densely populated urban centres mean that people don’t have to travel far to reach amenities. There are more bikes than people, less road and parking space needs to be dedicated to cars, which can lead to more space for housing.
Economic factors
- The Netherlands is a MEDC with many major TNCs headquartered there.
- Many renowned universities can be found in the Netherlands.
