Section 9.4 & 9.5

Question 1

an iron-containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membranes of prokaryotic cells

Answer 1

cytochrome

Question 2

a complex of several membrane proteins that functions in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP

Answer 2

ATP synthase

Question 3

an energy coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work such as the synthesis of ATP

Answer 3

chemiosmosis

Question 4

the potential energy stored in the form of a proton electochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across a biological membrane during chemiosmosi

Answer 4

proton-motive force

Question 5

glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to ethyl alcohol regenerating NAD+ and releasing carbon dioxide

Answer 5

alcohol fermentation

Question 6

glycolysis followed byt the reduction of pyrivate to lactate, regenerating NAD+ with no release of carbon dioxide

Answer 6

lactic acid fermentation

Question 7

an organism that carries out only fermentation or anaerobic respiration

Answer 7

obligate anerobes

Question 8

an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to anaerobic respiration or fermentation if oxygen is not present

Answer 8

facultative anoerobes

Question 9

the entry compound for the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration, formed from a two-carbon fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme

Answer 9

aceytl CoA

Question 10

A series of reactions that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate

Answer 10

glycolysis