Section 9 - Nutrition Flashcards
What are the two trophic levels?
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
What is ingestion?
When an organism takes in their food while or piece by piece
What are the three types of heterotrophs?
Herbivores - eat autotrophs
Carnivores - eat heterotrophs
Omnivores - eat both
What are the 4 stages of food processing?
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination
What is required for digestion?
Specialized compartments to avoid damage to body cells
What is a gastrovascular cavity? How does it digest food?
A digestive sac with a single opening
Extracellular, then intracellular
What are the two types of cellular digestion?
Intracellular digestion
Extracellular digestion
What is the advantage of extracellular digestion?
You can eat larger food
What is an alimentary canal?
A complete digestive tract
What is the advantage of one-way movement of food?
Allows for specialization of different regions of the digestive tract
What are the four layers of the mammalian digestive system?
Mucosa (epithelial tissue)
Submucosa (connective tissue)
Muscularis (muscle)
Serosa (connective tissue)
What are the (6) parts of the human digestive system?
Mouth Pharynx(throat) Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Anus
Where does most digestion take place?
Small intestine
What does the pancreas do?
Secretes digestive enzymes
Secretes bicarbonate
What is the function of the liver?
Produces bile which emulsifies fats
What organ mainly absorbs water, sodium and vitamin K?
Large intestine
Which organ releases gastrin?
The stomach
What does gastrin do?
Triggers the secretion of gastric juices
What are enterogasterones?
Hormones that control digestion
What are the three enterogasterones?
Secretin - causes pancreas to release bicarbonate
CCK - stimulates the gall bladder to release bile
GIP - inhibits emptying of the stomach
What is coprophagy?
Eating poop to get extra nutrients
What is a rumen?
A stomach with the ability to regurgitate for additional mastication
What are the macronutrients that plants require? (6)
Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Potassium Phosphorus
What are the two components of soil?
Soil
Topsoil
