Section 7 - Reproduction

Question 1

What are the two types of reproduction?

Answer 1

Sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction

Question 2

Asexual reproduction is when the offspring’s genes come from _____

Answer 2

The same parent

Question 3

Sexual reproduction is when ______

Answer 3

Two haploid gametes form a diploid zygote

Question 4

What are some forms of asexual reproduction in plants?

Answer 4

Rhizomes

Stolons/Runners

Fragmentation

Question 5

What are some(4) forms of asexual reproduction in Animals? What does each one mean?

Answer 5

Fission- separation of parent into two or more equal parts

Budding- young splits off of parent

Fragmentation & Regeneration- parent breaks its body into several pieces, which then develop into adults

Parthenogenesis- development of unfertilized eggs

Question 6

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 6

No mate required

Quick

Favored in stable, favorable environments

Question 7

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 7

Increased genetic variability

Advantageous when environmental conditions are unstable or change

Question 8

What is the term for the process when two gametes unite?

Answer 8

Fertilization

Question 9

What are the relative sizes of the male and female gametes?

Answer 9

Egg - large and nonmotile

Sperm - small and motile

Question 10

What is pollination?

Answer 10

The process by which pollen is placed on the stigma

Question 11

What are the major parts of a plant’s anatomy?

Answer 11

Stamen

Carpel

Petal

Ovule

Question 12

Is a pollen grain haploid or diploid?

Answer 12

Haploid

Question 13

What are some different methods of pollination?

Answer 13

Wind pollination - gymnosperms

Pollination by animals - angiosperms

Question 14

What is double fertilization in plants?

Answer 14

When one sperm fuses with the egg(becomes zygote) and the other sperm fuses with the two polar nuclei in the embryo sac(becomes triploid endosperm-embryo nourishment)

Question 15

What are the two major patterns of fertilization in animals?

Answer 15

External fertilization - outside the body

Internal fertilization - inside the body

Question 16

What are the characteristics of external fertilization?

Answer 16

Moist environment

Synchronized timing in the release of gametophytes (sperm & eggs)

Large number of zygotes, low survival rate

Question 17

What animals have external fertilization?

Answer 17

Fish

Amphibians(frogs)

Question 18

What are the three different forms of internal fertilization? What are the characteristics?

Answer 18

Oviparity - fertilized eggs develop outside the body
(Some fish, most reptiles, all birds)

Ovoviviparity - fertilized eggs develop inside the mother, nutrition from yolk
(Some fish, some reptiles)

Viviparity - fertilized embryos develop inside the mother, nutrition from the mother
(Most cartilaginous fish, most mammals)

Question 19

What are the characteristics of internal fertilization?

Answer 19

Cooperative mating behavior

Sophisticated reproductive systems

Fewer zygotes, increased survival (parental care)