Section 9 - Gravitational and Electric Fields

Question 1

Internal energy depends on ____________

Answer 1

Kinetic and potential energy of particles

Question 2

How is kinetic energy of particles distributed

Answer 2

Randomly

Question 3

Internal energy def

Answer 3

The internal energy of a body is the sum of the randomly distributed kinetic energies of all its particles

Question 4

System def

Answer 4

A group of bodies considered as a whole

Question 5

Closed system def

Answer 5

A system which does not allow any transfer of matter inside or out

Question 6

Internal energy for a closed system

Answer 6

For a closed system, the total internal energy is constant as long as not work is done by or done on the system

Question 7

How can the internal energy of a system be increased

Answer 7

By heating or doing work on the system

Question 8

What happens when a substance changes state [2]

Answer 8

• A change of internal energy takes place
• The temperature remains the same

Question 9

Specific Heat Capacity (SHC) def

Answer 9

The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1K (or 1C)

Question 10

SHC formula

Answer 10

Energy change = mass * SHC * Change in temp
Q = mc(^T)

Question 11

UNits of SHC

Answer 11

J/KgC or J/KgK

Question 12

Finding the SHC using a continuous flow calorimeter SETUP

Question 13

Finding the SHC using a continuous flow calorimeter STEPS

Question 14

Specific latent heat (SLH) def

Answer 14

The specific latent heat of fusion or vaporisation is the quantity of thermal energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance

Question 15

SLH formula

Answer 15

Energy change = mass * SLH
Q = m*SLH

Question 16

K to C conversion

Answer 16

K = C + 273

Question 17

Kelvin def

Answer 17

0K is the lowest temperature possible, a system has no kinetic energy

Question 18

Boyles Law in words

Answer 18

At a constant temperature the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional

Question 19

Boyles law formula

Answer 19

pV = k

Question 20

Charles law in words

Answer 20

At a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

Question 21

Charles law formula

Answer 21

V/T = k

Question 22

The pressure law in words

Answer 22

At a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

Question 23

Pressure law formula

Answer 23

p/T = k

Question 24

Boyles law explaination

Answer 24

If you reduce the volume of a gas, its particles are closer together and will collide with each other and the container more often, so more force is exerted over the same area and the pressure increases

Question 25

Charles law explaination

Answer 25

When you heat a gas, the particles gain kinetic energy. At a constant pressure, this means they more quickly and further apart, so the volume of the gas increases

Question 26

The pressure law explanation

Answer 26

If you heat a gas, the particles gain kinetic energy. This means they move faster. If the volume doesn’t change, the particles will collide with each other and their container more often and at higher speed, increasing the pressure inside the container

Question 27

Experiment to investigate Boyles law

Question 28

Experiment to investigate Charles’s law

Question 29

Molecular mass def

Answer 29

Molecular mass is the sum of the masses of all the atoms that make up a molecule

Question 30

Avogadros constant definition

Answer 30

The number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance

Question 31

Avogadros constant value

Answer 31

6.02 * 10^23

Question 32

Molar mass def

Answer 32

The mass that 1 mol of a substance would have

Question 33

Ideal gas equation

Answer 33

pV = nRT
n = number of moles
R = molar gas constant

Question 34

Molar gas constant value and units

Answer 34

8.31jmol/K

Question 35

The equation of state

Answer 35

pV = NkT
N = number of particles
k = Boltzmann’s constant

Question 36

Boltzmann’s constant

Answer 36

1.38*10^-23 J/K

Question 37

Pressure, volume, work done

Answer 37

Word done = p* change in V

Question 38

Deriving pressure on one wall of a box

Question 39

Ideal gas def

Answer 39

A gas that obeys the 5 ideal gas laws

Question 40

Ideal gas laws [5]