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Physics A level > Section 8 - Thermal Physics > Flashcards

Section 8 - Thermal Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What does internal energy depend on`

A

The kinetic and potential energy of particles

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2
Q

Internal energy def

A

The internal energy of a body is the sum of all the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of all its particles

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3
Q

System def

A

A group of bodies considered as a whole

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4
Q

Closed system def

A

A system which does not allow any transfer of matter in or out

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5
Q

Total internal energy for a closed system

A

Constant

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6
Q

How can the internal energy of a system be increased

A

Heating it or doing work on the system

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7
Q

What happens when a substance changes state

A

Its internal energy changes but its kinetic energy stays the same, the potential energy of the particles is altered - not their kinetic energy (temperature doesnt change, bonds are broken)

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8
Q

Boiling point for water

A

100C

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9
Q

Melting point for water

A

0C

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10
Q

SHC def

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1K (or 1C)

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11
Q

SHC formula

A

Energy change = mass * SHC * change in temperature

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12
Q

Units of shc

A

J/KgK or J/KgC

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13
Q

Finding SHC using a calorimeter SETUP

A
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14
Q

Finding SHC using a calorimeter STEPS

A
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15
Q

SLH def

A

The specific latent heat of fusion or vaporisation is the quantity of thermal energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance

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16
Q

SLH formula

A

Q = m *SLH

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17
Q

Kelvin def

A

Absolute zero temperature, particles have no kinetic energy, lowest temp possible

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18
Q

K to C

A

K = C+273

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19
Q

Boyles Law in words

A

At a constant temperature the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional

20
Q

Boyles law formula

A

pV = k

21
Q

Boyles law graph

A
22
Q

Charles Law in words

A

At a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

23
Q

Charles law formula

A

V/T = k

24
Q

Charles law graph

A
25
Q

Boyles law explaination

A

If you reduce the volume of a gas, its particles will be closer together and will collide with each other and the container more often, so the pressure increases

26
Q

Charles law explaination

A

When you heat a gas, the particles gain kinetic energy. At a constant pressure, this means that they move more quickly and further apart, and so the volume of the gas increases

27
Q

The pressure law formula

A

p/T = k

28
Q

The pressure law in words

A

At a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

29
Q

The pressure law graph

A
30
Q

The pressure law explaination

A

If you heat a gas, the particles gain kinetic energy. This means they move faster. If the volume doesn’t change, the particles will collide with each other and their container more often and at higher speed, increasing the pressure inside the container

31
Q

Experiment to investigate boyles law

A
32
Q

Experiment to investigate Charles law

A
33
Q

Molecular mass def

A

The sum of the masses of all the atoms that make up an molicule

34
Q

Avogadro’s constant definition and value

A

One mole of any gas contains the same number of particles, 6.02*10^23, this number is known as Avogadro constant

35
Q

Number of molecules calculation

A

N = number of mole * Avogadro constant

36
Q

Ideal gas equation

A

pV = nRT
R = molar constant
n = number of moles

37
Q

Equation of state

A

pV = NkT
N = Number of particles
k = Boltzmann’s Constant

38
Q

Word done, pressure, volume

A

Work done = pressure * change in volume

39
Q

Deriving the pressure of an ideal gas

A
40
Q

Ideal gas def

A

a hypothetical gas composed of molecules which follow the 5 ideal gas laws

41
Q

5 Ideal gas laws

A

1) The molecules continually move around randomly
2) The motion of the molecules follows newtons laws
3) Collisions between molecules themselves or at the walls of a container are perfectly elastic
4) Except for during collisions, the molecules always move in straight lines
5) Any forces that act during collisions last for much less time than the time between collisions

42
Q

Change in momentum for an elastic collision

A

Momentum before = -momentum after

43
Q

Page 116 ????

A
44
Q

Kinetic energy and the development of theories

A
45
Q
A
46
Q

Laws 0f thermodynamics

A

!!!

Physics A level (12 decks)

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