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AWS Solution Architect Associate > Section 9: Block and File Storage > Flashcards

Section 9: Block and File Storage Flashcards

1
Q

Block vs File vs Object Storage

A

Block storage (operating system) = Elastic Block Store (EBS). Like on Windows hard disk, how you can partition a C drive and D drive. Use case: OS, database.

File Storage (user) = like network storage hard disk for saving files from multiple users. Use case: sharing user data, web content.

**Object Storage **(API) = AWS S3, object storage of data. Use case: images, PDF, video.

https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/developers-practitioners/map-storage-options-google-cloud

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2
Q

EBS Volume snapshots

A

EBS Volume snapshots are a snapshot of the volume at that point in time that are stored in S3 bucket.

EBS Volumes are tied to an availability zone

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3
Q

What is Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager?

A

Amazing Data Lifecycle Manager (DLM) is a way to automate backups of EBS Volume snapshots.

You can also automate deleting outdated backups.

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4
Q

What is an Amazon Machine Image (AMI)?

A

Amazon Machine Image (AMI) is used to create virtual servers (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud or EC2 instances) in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) environment. Different types of instances can be launched from a single AMI to support the hardware of the host computer used for the instance.

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5
Q

What is the difference between AMI and EC2?

A

AMI stands for Amazon Machine Image. It is a template that contains the information required to launch an instance, such as an operating system, application software, and data.

EC2 stands for Elastic Compute Cloud. It is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud.An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) is a master image for the creation of virtual servers – known as EC2 instances – in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) environment.

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6
Q

EBS vs Instance Stores

A

Elastic Block Store (EBS) are attached over the network

Instance Store volumes are physically attached to the host. These are ephemeral (data is lost when the instance is powered down)

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7
Q

When would you use an Instance Store

A

Instance Stores are ideal for temporary storage of information that changes frequently, such as buffers or caches

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8
Q

What is RAID (redundant array of independent disks)?

A

RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is a way of storing the same data in different places on multiple hard disks or solid-state drives (SSDs) to protect data in the case of a drive failure.

https://www.ionos.co.uk/digitalguide/server/security/raid/

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9
Q

RAID 0 vs RAID 1

A

RAID 1 offers redundancy through mirroring, i.e., data is written identically to two drives. RAID 0 offers no redundancy and instead uses striping, i.e., data is split across all the drives. This means RAID 0 offers no fault tolerance; if any of the constituent drives fails, the RAID unit fails.

https://techgenix.com/raid-0-vs-raid-1/

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10
Q

What is Amazon Elastic File System (EFS)

A

Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) is a file storage service for use with Amazon compute (EC2, containers, serverless) and on-premises servers

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11
Q

Amazon S3 vs EBS vs EFS

A

S3 - Amazon S3 (Amazon Simple Storage Service) is an object storage designed for storing large numbers of user files and backups.

EFS - Amazon EFS (Amazon Elastic File System) provides scalable network file storage for Amazon EC2 cloud computing service users.

EBS - Amazon EBS (Amazon Elastic Block Storage) is block storage for Amazon EC2 compute instances - it is similar to hard drives attached to your computers or laptops, but in a virtualized environment.

More info - https://www.msp360.com/resources/blog/amazon-s3-vs-ebs-vs-efs/

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12
Q

What is Amazon FSx

A

Amazon FSx provides full managed third-party file systems

It provides you with two file systems to choose from:
* Amazon FSx for Windows Filer Server (for Windows-based applications)
* Amazong FSx for Lustre (for compute-intensive workloads). Use cases include machine learning, video processing. Integrates with S3 (Windows does not)

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13
Q

Amazon FSx benefits

A

Amazon FSx key features:
* high availabiliy: replicated data within an Availability Zone (AZ)
* Multi-AZ: file systems include an ative and standby file server in seperate AZs

More details - https://digitalcloud.training/amazon-fsx/

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14
Q

What is AWS Storage Gateway

A

AWS Storage Gateway is a set of hybrid cloud storage services that provide on-premises access to virtually unlimited cloud storage (S3, FSx for Windows File Server etc).

https://aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/

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15
Q

Use cases for AWS Storage Gateway?

A
  • Hybrid cloud workflows store - File data as objects using data generated by on-premises applications for processing by AWS services such as machine learning or big data analytics.
  • Migrate application data to EBS - Use a snapshot of your on-premises volumes to recreate the data on EBS and use with Amazon EC2-based applications.
  • Back up data to the cloud - Provide cloud-based backup for on-premises files and database applications for low-cost, virtually unlimited scale.
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16
Q

AWS Storage Gateway - Volume Gateway

A
  • The volume gateway supports block-backed volumes
  • Block Storage = iSCSI protocol
  • Cached volume mode - the entire dataset is stores on S3 and cache of the most frequently access data is cached on-site
  • Stored volume mode - the entire dataset is stored on-site and is asynchronously backed up onto S3 (EBS point-in-time snapshots). Snapshots are incremental and compressed
17
Q

AWS Storage Gateway - Tape Gateway

A

Tape Gateway enables you to replace using physical tapes on premises with virtual tapes in AWS without changing existing backup workflows.

18
Q

Which AWS storage service provides a NTFS filesystem that can be accessed by multiple EC2 instances using the SMB protocol?

A

FSx for Windows File Server

FSx for Windows File Server provides NTFS file systems that can be accessed from up to thousands of compute instances using the SMB protocol.

19
Q

A High-Performance Computing (HPC) application requires a high-performance filesystem for running data analysis. The filesystem should transparently access source data stored as Amazon S3 objects. Which type of filesystem is ideal for this use case?

A

Amazon FSx for Lustre

20
Q

What type of storage is suitable for a use case that requires extremely high-performance local disks that do not need to be persistent?

A

**Instance store **

Instance store volumes are ephemeral (non-persistent) local disks that offer very high performance

21
Q

An EC2 instance with an EBS root volume and an EBS data volume is terminated. With default settings what will happen to the volumes?

A

The root volume will be deleted but the data volume will be retained.

You can change this behavior using the “DeleteOnTermination” attribute.

22
Q

How can a systems administrator copy an EBS volume from the us-west-1a availability zone to an instance in the us-west-2b availability zone?

A

Create a snapshots of the EBS volume in us-west-1a. Create a new volume in us-est-2b from the snapshot.

Remember, snapshots are stored on Amazon S3 which stores data within a region, not an AZ

23
Q

An Architect is designing an application that will use hundreds of EC2 instances across multiple availability zones. A shared filesystem is required that can be mounted by all instances. Which storage service is suitable for this requirement?

A

Elastic File System (EFS)

EFS is a file-based storage system accessed over NFS. You can attach thousands of instances from multiple AZs to the same filesystem.

24
Q

Cheat sheets for EBS and EFS

A

EBS - https://digitalcloud.training/amazon-ebs/

EFS - https://digitalcloud.training/amazon-efs/

AWS Solution Architect Associate (21 decks)

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