Section 8: Anatomical Integration and Application

Question 1

A term representing the relative ranges of motion allowed at a joint.

Answer 1

Joint Flexibility

Question 2

Angle through which a joint moves from anatomical position to the extreme limit of segment motion in a particular direction.

Answer 2

Range of Motion

Question 3

The range of motion present when a body segment is passively moved and held at the end point of joint range of motion.

Answer 3

Static Flexibility

Question 4

The range of motion that can be achieved by actively moving a body segment by virtue of contraction of the opposing (antagonist) muscle group.

Answer 4

Dynamic Flexibility

Question 5

Stretching of muscles, tendons, and ligaments produced by active development of tension in the antagonist muscles.

Answer 5

Active stretching

Question 6

Stretching of muscles, tendons, and ligaments produced by a stretching force other than tension in the antagonist muscles.

Answer 6

Passive stretching

Question 7

A series of quick, bouncing-type stretches

Answer 7

Ballistic stretching

Question 8

Maintaining a slow, controlled, sustained stretch over time, usually about 30 seconds.

Answer 8

Static stretching

Question 9

A stretch involving controlled, rather than bouncing motion.

Answer 9

Dynamic Stretching

Question 10

A group of stretching procedures involving alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles being stretched.

Answer 10

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

Question 11

Injuries caused by abnormal displacement or twisting of the articulating bones that results in stretching or tearing of ligaments, tendons, and connective tissues crossing a joint.

Answer 11

Sprains

Question 12

Displacement of the articulating bones at a joint.

Answer 12

Dislocation

Question 13

The inflammation of bursae caused by overuse-type, repetitive, minor impacts on the area.

Answer 13

Bursitis

Question 14

A pathology involving joint inflammation accompanied by pain and swelling.

Answer 14

Arthritis

Question 15

An autoimmune disorder which inflames and thickens the synovial membranes and breaks down articular cartilage, resulting in limitation of motion and eventual ossification of the articulating bones.

Answer 15

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 16

A degenerative joint disease that affects over 25% of the population over 18. Its cause is usually unknown.

Answer 16

Osteoarthritis

Question 17

Reduced capacity of muscle fibers to produce force, even in the presence of motor neuron excitation.

Answer 17

Muscle fatigue

Question 18

When muscular effort is applied to move a resistance such as a body or object.

Answer 18

Sustained Force

Question 19

Movement that occurs without muscular effort.

Answer 19

Passive movement

Question 20

Rapid and relatively vigorous motion.

Answer 20

Ballistic motion

Question 21

First phase of ballistic motion

Answer 21

Concentric activity in agonists

Question 22

Second phase of ballistic motion

Answer 22

Coasting/passive motion

Question 23

Final phase of ballistic motion

Answer 23

Eccentric activity in antagonists

Question 24

Motion used in activities that are characterized by slow, controlled speed

Answer 24

Guided motion

Question 25

Motion used in activities that are are characterized by steadiness or the need to balance

Answer 25

Tracking movement

Question 26

A preparatory movement in direction opposite to primary movement

Answer 26

Counter Movement

Question 27

Movement characterized by the distal end of a segment or section of the body tracing a circle.

Answer 27

Circular Movement

Question 28

Type of exercise in which muscle contracts against an immovable resistance, and the length of the muscle does not change.

Answer 28

Isometric Exercise

Question 29

Term applied to concentric or eccentric contractions

Answer 29

Isotonic Exercise

Question 30

Machines which alter resistance torque through the range of motion

Answer 30

Variable Resistance Machines

Question 31

Refers to the muscle contraction as a limb moves with constant angular velocity

Answer 31

Isokinetic Exercise

Question 32

Type of exercise intended to accentuate a counter movement in order to train elastic recoil and strength reflex.

Answer 32

Plyometrics

Question 33

Exercises in which the resistance is body weight, e.g., push-ups, curl-ups

Answer 33

Calisthenics