Section 7 - the UN Flashcards

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1
Q

What does it take to become admitted to, expulsed or suspended from the UN?

A

For admission, expulsion, or suspension of membership requires vote of ⅔ of GA and recommendation of UNSC

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2
Q

= What are the general objectives and principles of the UN?

A

General objectives
- Maintenance of international peace and security
- Promotion of human welfare

General principles
- Sovereign equality of states
- Peaceful settlement of disputes
- Non-interference in domestic affairs
- Respect for international law

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3
Q

What are the 6 organs of the UN?

A

General Assembly
Security Council
Economic and Social Council
Trusteeship Council (suspended since 1994)
Internatioanl Court of Justice
Secretariat

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4
Q

What are the main roles of the UNGA?

A

Forum of debate
Election of members of other UN organs
Development of IL

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5
Q

What is the UNSC’s main roles?

A

Peaceful settlement of disputes
Enforcement measures

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6
Q

What kind of pronouncements can the UNSC make?

A

Recommendations – non-binding
Decisions – legally binding

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7
Q

What is the judicial organ of the UN?

A

The ICJ

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8
Q

What voting rule is used in the UNGA?

A

Sovereign equality.

Voting in the Assembly is governed by article 18, which stipulates that each member has one vote only, despite widespread disparities in populations and resources between states, and that decisions on ‘important questions’, including the admission of new members and recommendations relating to international peace and security, are to be made by a two-thirds majority of members present and voting

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9
Q

For how long is the UNSG elected, and what role do they serve?

A

5 years, a renewable term.
Agenda setting, honest broker –> Rainbow warrior case

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10
Q

What are different ways the UN can go about a pacific settlement of a dispute? (Chapter 6)

A

Both via judicial or political organs

  1. ICJ → binding decisions
  2. Security Council
    - Raising a case
    - Actions under Chapter VI
  3. General Assembly → recommendations
  4. Secretary-General → mediation
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11
Q

What are some collective security and peace enforcement systems in the UN (Ch 7)?

A
  • The concept of Collective Security (≠ self-help)
  • Security Council, two kinds of enforcement measures
    1. No use of armed force (Art. 41)
    2. Use of armed force (Art. 42)
  • Establishment of ad hoc international criminal tribunals
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12
Q

What to articles of the UN Charter can the UNSC invoke for peace inforcement

A
  1. No use of armed force (Art. 41) first, and if deemed inadequate
  2. Use of armed force (Art. 42)
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13
Q

What are the goals of peacekeeping and how are they set up?

A

They are neutral, lightly armed troops w the goal of making a fragile peace endure. They are typically set up by the SC, and sometimes the GA

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14
Q

What are the four purposes of the UN set up in Article 1 of the Charter?

A
  1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end, to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;
  2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;
  3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and
  4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common end
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15
Q

What is the Charter of the UN?

A

The Charter of the United Nations is not only the multilateral treaty which created the organisation and outlined the rights and obligations of those states signing it, it is also the constitution of the UN, laying down its functions and prescribing its limitation

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16
Q

Under what article may the UN not intervene in domestic affaits

A

2(7) of Charter unless enforcement measures from Chapter VII (article 41, 42)

17
Q

How many members are in the UNSC?

A

15 - 5 permanent (France, China, Russia, UK, US) and 10 temporary rotating

18
Q

Why do the permanent members of the UNSC have veto powers?

A

The veto was written into the Charter in view of the exigencies of power. The USSR, in particular, would not have been willing to accept the UN as it was envisaged without the establishment of the veto to protect it from the Western bias of the Council and General Assembly at that time

19
Q

How many votes are needed to push through a resolution

A

9/15, unless procedural matter (risk of veto)

20
Q

Can permanent members of the SC obstain, and if yes, what does it mean?

A

Permanent members may abstain with regard to a resolution of the Security Council without being deemed to have exercised their veto against it.

21
Q

What does it take to amend the UN Charter?

A

Amendments to the UN Charter require the ratification of all the permanent members of the Council (as well as adoption by a two-thirds vote of the Assembly and ratification by two-thirds of UN members).

22
Q

How are ICJ judges found?

A

elected by the GA and the UNSC

23
Q

What 3 articles of UN Charter pertain to membership?

A

4 - any peaceloving state can be member
5 - suspend UN membership by GA and by rec of UNSC
6 - expulsion is allowed if voted by GA and UNSC (if members consistently violate principles)

24
Q

What are the 6 main committees of the UNGA?

A

It has six main committees that cover respec-
tively
disarmament and international security;
economic and financial;
social, humanitarian and cultural;
special political and decolonisation;
administrative and budgetary; and
legal matters.

25
Q

What is the function of the trusteeship council?

A

The Trusteeship Council was established in order to supervise the trust territories created after the end of the Second World War. Such territories
were to consist of mandated territories, areas detached from enemy states as a result of the Second World War and other territories voluntarily placed under the trusteeship system by the administering authority (of which
there have been none).

With the independence of Palau, the last remaining trust territory, on 1 October 1994, the Council suspended operation on 1 November that year

26
Q

what is preventive diplomacy?

A

Preventive Diplomacy was action to prevent disputes from arising between states, to prevent existing disputes from escalating into conflicts and to limit the spread of the latter when they occur. This included efforts such as fact-finding, good offices and good- will missions

27
Q

What is the different between peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace enforcement?

A

Peacemaking involves action to bring the hostile parties to agreement, utilising the peaceful means elaborated in Chapter VI of the Charter.

Peacekeeping is the deployment of a UN presence in the field

Peacebuilding is action to identify and support structures that will assist peace.

Peace Enforcement is peacekeeping not involving the consent of the parties, which would rest upon the enforcement provisions of Chapter VII of the Charter

28
Q

How do you define collective security

A

the cooperation of several countries in an alliance to strengthen the security of each.

29
Q

Definition of ‘agression’ selon UNGA?

A

Article 1 provides that aggression is the use of armed force by a state against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the United Nations Charter.