Section 7: Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Flashcards
1
Q
For Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), LEED focus on which four issue?
A
- Indoor air quality
- Lighting
- Acoustics
- Occupant experience
2
Q
What does IAQ stand for?
A
Indoor air quality
3
Q
What does VOC stand for?
A
Volatile organic compounds
4
Q
Which metric is used to measure VOCs?
A
Grams per liter (g/L)
5
Q
What are VOC’s?
A
Substances that vaporize at room temperature and can cause health problems
6
Q
Name six strategies during design for good indoor air quality
A
- Prohibit smoking
- Design for proper ventilation
- Protect air that comes into the building
- Test for radon or other on-site contaminants
- Design for entryway systems
- Specify low-emitting materials
7
Q
What is radon?
A
Radon is a cancer-causing natural radioactive gas that you can’t see, smell, or taste
8
Q
What does MERV filters stand for?
A
Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value filters
9
Q
Air filters are rated by what system?
A
MERV (minimum efficiency reporting value)
10
Q
Name three strategies for improving indoor air quality during construction
A
- Keep building clean during construction
- Protect materials and equipment
- Conduct a flush-out
11
Q
List nine strategies for improving indoor air quality during operations and maintenance
A
- Ensure adequate ventilation
- Monitor outdoor airflow
- Monitor carbon dioxide
- Calibrate sensors
- Prohibit smoking
- Develop and implement a green cleaning policy
- Conduct custodial effectiveness assessment
- Use entryway systems
9 Use integrated pest management
12
Q
Industry standards ASHRAE Standard 62 is aimed at what?
A
Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
13
Q
Which industry standard is aimed at ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality?
A
ASHRAE Standard 62
14
Q
Occupant experiences consists of which four areas?
A
- Thermal comfort
- Lighting and views
- Acoustics
- Ergonomics
15
Q
Thermal comfort includes which three elements?
A
- Temperature
- Humidity
- Air movement
16
Q
To bring in more daylight into a large area, private offices should be located where?
A
Toward the building core
17
Q
To bring in more daylight into a large area, cubicles should be located where?
A
At the perimeter
18
Q
Name seven strategies for improving occupant’s comfort and control
A
- Use daylighting
- Install operable windows
- Give occupants temperature and ventilation control
- Give occupants lighting control
- Conduct occupant surveys
- Provide ergonomic furniture
- Include appropriate acoustic design
19
Q
American’s approximately spend what percentage of their time indoors?
A
90%
20
Q
ASHRAE 55-2004 standard relates to what?
A
Thermal comfort
21
Q
Conditions for thermal comfort are described by which standard?
A
ASHRAE 55-2004
22
Q
What can allow air flow to be automatically increased if concentration exceeds a setpoint?
A
Demmand-controlled ventilation
23
Q
How far away should any smoking be from the building entrance?
A
25 foot
24
Q
What is the highest MERV rating?
A
16
25
Green buildings tend to require a MERV rating of what?
8
26
What would modulating photoelectric daylight sensors do?
Increase building energy efficiency
27
What does Green Seal Standard look at?
VOC's in materials
28
What is a bake-out?
Using heat to release VOC's from the building before human occupancy
29
A ventilation system that can automatically adjust air circulation volume based on the number of occupants in the space is known as what?
Demand control ventilation
30
What are the three types of ventilation systems?
- Passive or natural ventilation
- Active or mechanical ventilation
- Mixed ventilation
31
Give three examples of where in a building could natural ventilation be received?
- Windows
- Doors
- Exterior wall openings
32
What is the proper location for CO2 sensors in a building?
Between 3 and 6 feet high mounted on a wall
33
During the building flush-out, what other kind of work can be done?
Commissioning
34
What does the SMACNA guidelines address?
Air quality
35
What does a demand control ventilation largely respond to?
Carbon dioxide concentrations
36
Define non-occupied space
Non-Occupied space refers to rooms used by maintenance people that are not accessible by regular occupants
37
Define regular occupied space
Regular occupied space refers to where people work or live
38
Define multi occupied space
Multi occupied space refers to areas where people gather, e.g. conference rooms or classrooms
39
Which space refers to rooms used by maintenance people that are not accessible by regular occupants?
Non-occupied space
40
Which space refers to where people work or live?
Regular occupied space
41
Which space refers to areas where people gather such as conference rooms and classrooms?
Multi occupied space
42
ASHRAE 52.2-1999 standard relates to what?
Indoor Air Quality.
Method of testing general ventilation air-cleaning devices for removal efficiency by particle size
43
What does CIBSE stand for?
Charterred Institute of Building Service Engineers
44
Within LEED, CIBSE standards look at what?
Indoor Air Quality
45
What does SCAQMD stand for?
South Coast Air Quality Management District
46
In LEED, what does SCAQMD standards look at?
Indoor Air Quality
47
List some benefits of reducing indoor air contaminants
- Improved comfort levels
- Lower absenteeism
- Increased productivity
48
What does the I-BEAM tool provide?
The I-BEAM provides sample forms and logs for fielding and recording complaints about IAQ
49
What are the three governing bodies with which flooring materials in newly renovated areas and additions must comply?
- FloorSore
- SCAQMS
- Green Seal
50
List concerns with isolated indoor smoking areas
- Increased energy for ventilation
- Additional material use
- Complicating the ventilation system
51
What is the best standard to follow when performing a blower door test?
ASTM E779-03
52
What does a blower door test do?
Measures the air tightness of buildings
53
List the three standards that a building engineer should be familiar with when balancing an air flow to offices and large conference rooms
- ASHRAE 62.1
- ASHRAE 55
- ASHRAE 52.1
54
Define the breathing zone in terms of indoor environmental quality
Breathing zone is in the region within an occupied space between 3 and 6 feet above the floor
55
What are the most prominent compounds that have a negative impact on indoor air quality and the earths atmosphere?
Volitle Organic Compounds (VOCs)
56
Define mechanical ventilation
Mechanical ventilation, or active ventilation, is provided by mechanical powered equipment, such as motor driven fans or blowers
57
What can be conducted to measure the air tightness of buildings?
Blower door test
58
The emission of volatile organic compounds from synthetic and natural products is known as what?
Off-gassing
59
List five environmentally negative aspects of construction that can be avoided with building reuse strategies
- Demolition Process
- Construction Waste
- Raw Material Extraction
- Manufacturing
- Transportation
60
What is fly ash?
Fly ash is the solid residue derived from incineration processes
61
The percentage of recycled or salvaged materials should be calculated by one of which two methods?
- Weight
| - Volume
62
Why is the decomposition of solid waste in landfills a problem?
It releases methane, a greenhouse gas
63
List three examples of gas-powered equipment
- Maintenance equipment and vehicles
- Landscape equipment
- Clearning equipment
64
List six examples of ongoing consumables
- Paper
- Toner
- Cartridges
- Binders
- Batteries
- Desk accessories
65
In the United States, what is the largest source of mercury air emissions?
Coal-fired electricity plants
66
List three opportunities to reduce overall operating costs through a sustainable purchasing policy
- Reduce energy, water, and fuel expenditures
- Easier compliance with environmental, health and safety regulations
- Lower waste management fees
67
What is the target for the overall average of mercury content in lamps?
90 picograms average per lumen-hour
68
List seven examples of base building elements
- Building components and structures
- Panels
- Attached finishings
- Carpet and other flooring materials
- Adhesives
- Sealants
- Paints and coatings
69
How does natural ventilation achieve heat transfer and air movement?
Natural ventilation uses the building layout, fabric, and form to achieve heat transfer and air movement
70
What is off-gassing?
The emission of volatile organic compounds from synthetic and natural product
71
Define vision glazing
Vision glazing is that portion of exterior windows above 30 inches and below 90 inches that permits a view to the outside
72
What is outdoor air as referenced in LEED?
Outdoor air is the ambient air that enters a building system, either through natural ventilation or infiltration
73
The type of resin that cannot be contained in composite panels and agribifer products is known as what?
Urea-formaldehyde
74
List the two contaminants that are measured when performing Indoor Air Quality testing prior to occupancy?
- Formaldehyde
| - Carbon monoxide
75
Define return air
Return air is air removed from a space then be recirculated or exhausted
76
Define infiltration
Infiltration is uncontrolled inward air leakage to conditioned spaces through unintentional opening in ceilings, floors, and walls or the outdoors caused by the same pressure differences that induce exfiltration
77
Architectural paints and coatings applied within the vapour barrier must comply with which standard?
Green Seal Standard GS-11
78
The portion of exterior windows above 30 inches and below 90 inches that permits a view to the outside is known as what?
Vision glazing
79
Air that is removed from a space then be recirculated or exhausted is known as what?
Return air
80
Which standards refers to air filtration (MERV rating)?
ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999
81
In order to meet the requirements of increased ventilation, ventilation must be increased by what percent above the applicable baseline standard?
30%
82
Which standard should be followed for indoor air quality during construction, as it relates to LEED?
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association (SMACNA)
83
Define reverberation
Reverberation is an acoustic phenomenon that occurs when sound persists in an enclosed space because of its repeated reflection or scattering upon the enclosing surfaces within the space
84
Health and comfort effects linked to time spent in a building, but where no specific illness or cause can be identified is known as what?
Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)
85
Systems of diagnosable illnesses attracted directly to airborne building contaminants (such as asthma, aggravated allergies, etc) is known as what?
Building Related Illness (BRI)
86
The most effective method to improve indoor air quality is to keep what out of breathing zones?
Contaminants
87
List the two flush-out options for the indoor environmental quality management plan
- Large flush
| - Small flush (continued flushing/ventilation)
88
What is an alternative to the prescriptive flush-out?
Air Quality Testing
89
Ambient CO2 levels indicate the performance of what?
The ventilation system
90
MERV is linked to which standard?
ASHRAE 52.2-1999
91
Define Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)
Health and comfort effects linked to time spent in a building, but where no specific illness or cause can be identified
92
Define Building Related Illness (BRI)
Systems of diagnosable illnesses attracted directly to airborne building contaminants (such as asthma, aggravated allergies
93
Interior illumination / exterior illumination = ?
Glazing factor
94
What is described below?
- Utilise interior mirrors to reflect light down and inward
- Less heat transfer than skylight
- Resembles light fixtures
Sun tubes
95
What feature provides a connection to the outdoors and improves occupant comfort and productivity?
Views
96
The portion of exterior windows above 30 inches and below 90 inches that permits a view to the outside is known as what?
Vision glazing
97
High concentrations of CO2 mean what?
- Ventilation is not functioning properly
| - Air is not healthy to breath
98
The following are examples of what?
- Vinyl
- Linoleum
- Laminate flooring
- Wood flooring
- Rubber flooring
- Wall base
Hard surface flooring
