Section 7 - Airframe and Systems description - 2 - Airframe & Flight Controls Flashcards
Airframe
Wing
Each wing consists of a central light alloy torque box which carries all the wing bending, shear and torque loads;
an aluminium leading edge is attached to the front spar while flap and aileron are hinged to the rear spar.
torque box
houses an integrated fuel tank and supports the engine mount.
Flap and aileron
respectively located inboard and outboard of wing and made up of light alloy, are constructed with a central spar to which front and rear ribs are jointed.
What covers all the structures?
Wrappcd-around aluminium stressed skin panels
How are the wings connected?
Steel alloy attachments connect left and right wing to each other.
Fuselage
constituted by a light-alloy semi-monocoque structure wrapped around by stressed skin panels.
What’s the material of radome and stern fairing?
composite material.
What’s the cabing and baggage compartment floor made off?
warping of beans and keelsons supporting die seats guides and other components
How’s the main landing gear sustained?
Two spar frames support on the top the wings attachments and on the bottom the sponson beans sustaining the main landing gear
How’s the nose landing gear supported?
The forward frame, to which radome is connected, supports a steel trestle to which the nose landing gear is connected.
How do the front and rear seat occur?
by means of two doors located in the opposite sides of the fuselage; a ditching emergency exit is available on the top of the cabin.H
How’s the empennage supported?
In tail cone, two spar frames support the horizontal and vertical empennages attachments.
Empannages
The vertical tail is entirely metallic:
vertical fin is made up of a twin spar with aluminium alloy stressed skin.
Rudder, providing directional control of the airplane, is made up of aluminium alloy.
rudder
connected to the vertical tail at two hinge points.
A trim tab system increases directional stability of the airplane.
horizontal empennage
all-moving type (stabilator); its structure consists of a twin spar to which front and rear ribs are jointed and it is covered by stressed aluminium alloy skin. ‘the trim tab completes the assy.
Flight Controls
The main flight control system controls the airplane in three axes.
Primary Controls
Ailerons, rudder and stabilator are manually operated by a conventional control column and rudder pedals, pulleys, cables, bellcranks and rods.
secondary flight controls
consist of a two-axis trim system and a flaps system.
Controls
Complete dual controls are provided for pilot and co-pilot.
How does longitudinal control act?
through a system of push-pull rods connected to the control column and moving the stabilator whose anti-tab winglet works also as trim tab.
Autopilot pitch servo (if installed) is connected to the push-pull rods system through driving cables.
How is longitudinal trim performed?
by a small tab positioned on the stabilator and manually operated via a control wheel positioned between the two crew seats
As optional, it is available an electrically operated longitudinal trim which it is also controlled by the autopilot system, when installed.
How is trim position monitored?
by an indicator on the instrument panel. A trim disconnect toggle switch is provided.
How is aileron controlled?
mixed type with push-rods and cables; a cable control circuit is confined within the cabin and it is connected to a pair of push-pull rod systems positioned in each main wing which control ailerons differentially.
How are the control wheels?
U-shaped, hinged on the top of the control column, control the ailerons.
Control wheel motion is transferred to the ailerons through a cable loop, up to the interconnecting rod linking the two push-pull rod systems which finally transmit the motion to the ailerons.
When either aileron control wheel is rotated, the crossover cable rotates the other control wheel.
Aileron trim tab
The left aileron has a trim tab adjustable on ground: its deflection allows for lateral trimming of the airplane.
How are both flaps extended?
via a single electric actuator controlled by a switch on the instrument panel.
How do flaps act?
in continuous mode; the analogue indicator displays three markings related to 0°, takeoff (T/O) and landing (FULL) positions.
How does the aural warning for the flaps work?
An aural warning is generated whenever the flaps are lowered to the FULL position and the landing gear is not down-locked.
How is the rudder operated?
Rudder is operated through a cable system. A rudder trim tab allows aircraft directional trimming, especially in case of OEI operation: it is electrically operated via a switch located on the central console placed between crew seats.
How is the rudder’s position monitored?
Its position is monitored by an indicator on the instrument panel. A trim disconnect toggle switch is provided.
