Section 6.5-6.7 Flashcards
Endosymbiont theory:
An early ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed an oxygen-using prokaryotic cell.
Cristae:
Infoldings of the inner membrane specifically for the mitochondrion.
What are the two compartments in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion called?
Inter-membrane space and the mitochondrial matrix.
Mitochondrial matrix:
Is enclosed by the inner membrane and contains many different enzymes that catalyze some of the steps of cellular respiration.
Thylakoids:
A membranous system in the form flattened, interconnected sacs.
Granum:
A stack of thylakoids
Stroma:
The fluid outside of the thylakoids, which contains the chloroplast DNA and ribosomes as well as many enzymes
The membranes of the chloroplast divide the chloroplast space into three compartments:
the intermembrane space, the stroma, and the thylakoid space
Plastids:
A family of closely related plant organelles. Ex: Chloroplast
Peroxisome:
A specialized metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane.
What is the function of peroxisomes?
Peroxisomes contain enzymes that remove hydrogen atoms from various substrates and transfer them to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a by-product.
Name three lines of evidence that support the model of endosymbiosis:
- Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have two membranes instead of 1
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain ribosomes as well as circular DNA molecules
- Mitochondria and Chloroplasts are autonomous
What do peroxisomes do?
Peroxisomes degrade toxic substrates by transferring hydrogen atoms from toxic substrates to to oxygen; producing and then degrading the hydrogen peroxide that is produced.
What is the general definition of a cytoskeleton?
A network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm.
