Section 6.2-6.4

Question 1

Prokaryotic:

Answer 1

Organisms of the domains Archaea and Bacteria

Question 2

Eukaryotic

Answer 2

Protists, fungi, animals, and plants

Question 3

Cytosol:

Answer 3

A jellylike substance in which organelles are suspended (Eukaryotic)

Question 4

Chromosomes:

Answer 4

Carry DNA (Eukaryotic)

Question 5

Ribosomes:

Answer 5

Make proteins through instructions from genes (Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic)

Question 6

Nucleoid:

Answer 6

Region where the cell’s DNA is located (Prokaryotic)

Question 7

Plasma membrane:

Answer 7

membrane enclosing the cytoplasm (Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic)

Question 8

Cell wall:

Answer 8

Rigid structure outside of the plasma membrane (Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic)

Question 9

Flagella:

Answer 9

locomotion organelles of some prokaryotes (Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic)

Question 10

Centrosome:

Answer 10

Region where the cell’s microtubules are initiated; contains a pair of centrioles (Eukaryotic)

Question 11

Cytoskeleton:

Answer 11

Reinforces cell’s shape; functions in cell movement; consists of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Consists of a network of fibers. (Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic)

Question 12

Microvilli:

Answer 12

projections that increase a cell’s surface area (Eukaryotic)

Question 13

Peroxisome:

Answer 13

Organelle that produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product and then converts it to water (Eukaryotic)

Question 14

Mitochondria:

Answer 14

organelles where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated (Eukaryotic)

Question 15

Lysosome:

Answer 15

Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed (Eukaryotic)

Question 16

Golgi Apparatus:

Answer 16

Organelle that is active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products (Eukaryotic)

Question 17

Chromatin:

Answer 17

Material consisting of DNA and proteins that is visible in a dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes (Eukaryotic)

Question 18

Nucleolus:

Answer 18

Nonmembranous structure involves in the production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli (Eukaryotic)

Question 19

Nuclear envelope

Answer 19

Double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores; continuous with ER

Question 20

Endoplasmic Reticulum:

Answer 20

Network of membranous sacs and tubes that is active in membrane synthesis. This organelle has rough and smooth regions. (Eukaryotic)

Question 21

Plasmodesmata:

Answer 21

Cytoplasmic channels through the cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells.

Question 22

Chloroplast:

Answer 22

Photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules (Eukaryotic)

Question 23

Central vacuole:

Answer 23

Functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, and hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of the vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth

Question 24

Nuclear Lamina:

Answer 24

A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope. Except at the pores, the nuclear side of the envelope is lined by this. (Eukaryotic)

Question 25

Endomembrane system:

Answer 25

Membrane-bounded organelles of the eukaryotic cell.

Question 26

Vesicles:

Answer 26

Sacs made of membrane (Eukaryotic)

Question 27

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2

Answer 27

The ER membrane separates the internal compartment of the ER, called the ER lumen cavity or cisternal space, from the cytosol

Question 28

What are the functions of Smooth ER?

Answer 28

Synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisons, and storage of calcium ions

Question 29

Name a function of rough ER:

Answer 29

Rough ER is a membrane factory for the cell and makes membrane phospholipids and proteins

Question 30

Phagocytosis:

Answer 30

The engulfment of smaller organisms or food particles

Question 31

Autophagy:

Answer 31

A process by which lysosomes use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organic material.

Question 32

Contractile vacuoles:

Answer 32

Vacuoles that pump excess water out of the cell, thereby maintaining a suitable concentration of ions and molecules inside the cell

Question 33

What are some of the characteristics of central vacuoles?

Answer 33

• Supports plant growth
• Composed of cell sap

Question 34

List all of the structures of the endomembrane system:

Answer 34

Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, vacuoles, and the plasma membrane

Question 35

What is the function of the ER lumen?

Answer 35

Folds, modifies, and assembles proteins

Question 36

What is the pH range inside of a lysosomes?

Answer 36

6-7

Question 37

Which human cells carry out phagocytosis?

Answer 37

Macrophages, neutrophils, and dentritic cells