Section 6 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What are isomers?
two molecules that share the same molecular formula but atoms are arranged differently
stages of crude oil fractional distillation
- Bitumen (surface roads)
- Fuel oil (fuel ships)
- Diesel (Fuel cars and large vehicles)
- Kerosene (Fuel an aircraft)
- Gasolin (fuel of cars)
- Fefinery Gases (used in domestic heating and cooking)
Saturated hydrocarbon bonds
contain a single bond between carbon atoms
unsaturated hydrocargon bonds
have double or triple bonds between carbon atoms
Long hydrocarbons properties:
- High boiling points
- Viscous
Short hydrocarbons properties:
- lower boiling points
- Thinner and paler in colour
Process to break down long-chain molecules into short-chain molecules?
Cracking
What is cracking?
Its a form of thermal decomposition in which means breaking down molecules into simpler molecules by heating them
complete combustion
burn hydrocarbons in plenty of oxygen:
hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
incomplete combustion
happens when there is not enough energy to complete combustion.
- combustion contains less oxygen
- produces toxic gas carbon monoxide
Effect of carbon monoxide on humans:
Stops red blood cells from carrying oxygen around you body.
This may lead to fainting, coma, death
Acid rain is caused by:
Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen oxide mixed with water vapour
Alkanes are …
saturated hydrocabons
Alkanes general formula:
CnH2n+2
First five alkanes:
- Methane
- Ethane
- Propane
- Butane
- Pentane
How does halogens react with alkanes and what do they produce?
- presence ultraviolet light
- Haloalkanes
Alkenes are …
Unsaturated so they contain a double bond
Alkenes general formula
CnH2n
n = bonds
First three alkenes:
- Ethene
- Propene
- Butene
Test for carbon double bonds
bromine water + an alkene
- solution becomes colourless
How are polymers made?
joining little molecules (monomers) together into long-chains
- this monomers have double covalent bond
Why does it take long time for polymers to biodegrade?
Most addition polymers are inhert and dont react easily, because the carbon-carbon bond is really strong + arent easily brocken.
