Section 6 - Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What are isomers?

Answer 1

two molecules that share the same molecular formula but atoms are arranged differently

Question 2

stages of crude oil fractional distillation

Answer 2

1. Bitumen (surface roads)
2. Fuel oil (fuel ships)
3. Diesel (Fuel cars and large vehicles)
4. Kerosene (Fuel an aircraft)
5. Gasolin (fuel of cars)
6. Fefinery Gases (used in domestic heating and cooking)

Question 3

Saturated hydrocarbon bonds

Answer 3

contain a single bond between carbon atoms

Question 4

unsaturated hydrocargon bonds

Answer 4

have double or triple bonds between carbon atoms

Question 5

Long hydrocarbons properties:

Answer 5

• High boiling points
• Viscous

Question 6

Short hydrocarbons properties:

Answer 6

• lower boiling points
• Thinner and paler in colour

Question 7

Process to break down long-chain molecules into short-chain molecules?

Answer 7

Cracking

Question 8

What is cracking?

Answer 8

Its a form of thermal decomposition in which means breaking down molecules into simpler molecules by heating them

Question 9

complete combustion

Answer 9

burn hydrocarbons in plenty of oxygen:
hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Question 10

incomplete combustion

Answer 10

happens when there is not enough energy to complete combustion.
- combustion contains less oxygen
- produces toxic gas carbon monoxide

Question 11

Effect of carbon monoxide on humans:

Answer 11

Stops red blood cells from carrying oxygen around you body.
This may lead to fainting, coma, death

Question 12

Acid rain is caused by:

Answer 12

Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen oxide mixed with water vapour

Question 13

Alkanes are …

Answer 13

saturated hydrocabons

Question 14

Alkanes general formula:

Answer 14

CnH2n+2

Question 15

First five alkanes:

Answer 15

1. Methane
2. Ethane
3. Propane
4. Butane
5. Pentane

Question 16

How does halogens react with alkanes and what do they produce?

Answer 16

• presence ultraviolet light
• Haloalkanes

Question 17

Alkenes are …

Answer 17

Unsaturated so they contain a double bond

Question 18

Alkenes general formula

Answer 18

CnH2n

Question 19

n = bonds

Question 20

First three alkenes:

Answer 20

1. Ethene
2. Propene
3. Butene

Question 21

Test for carbon double bonds

Answer 21

bromine water + an alkene
- solution becomes colourless

Question 22

How are polymers made?

Answer 22

joining little molecules (monomers) together into long-chains
- this monomers have double covalent bond

Question 23

Why does it take long time for polymers to biodegrade?

Answer 23

Most addition polymers are inhert and dont react easily, because the carbon-carbon bond is really strong + arent easily brocken.