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IGCSE Chemistry Edexel > Section 4 - Inorganic Chemistry > Flashcards

Section 4 - Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

group 1 elements

A

alkali metals

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2
Q

reactivity in group 1

A

more reactive down the group

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3
Q

electrons loss group 1

A

the more further away the electron is from the nucleus the easier it is to lose it

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4
Q

Group 7 elements

A

Halogens

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5
Q

group 7 atomic number

A

as it increases the elements have a darker colour and higher boiling points

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6
Q

group 7 reactivity

A

the higher it is on the periodic table the more reactive it is

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7
Q

As atomic number of halogens increases:

A

Elements have darker colour and higher boiling point

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8
Q

Chlorine (Cl2)

A
  • fairly reactive
  • green gas
  • poisonous
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9
Q

Bromine (Br2)

A
  • red-brown liquid
  • gives out orange vapour at room temp.
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10
Q

Iodine (I2)

A
  • dark grey crystalline solid
  • gives off purple vapour when heated.
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11
Q

displacement reaction def

A

when a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound

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12
Q

oxidation def

A

loss of electrons

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13
Q

Reduction def

A

gain of electrons

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14
Q

redox reaction

A

reactions where reduction and oxidation happen at the same time

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15
Q

Magnesium burned in air

A
  • burns with bright white flame and white powder
  • MgO slightly alkaline when dissolved in water
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16
Q

Hydrogen burned in air

A
  • easily burned, can be explosive
  • Almost invisible pale blue flame
  • only product water
  • The comnustion of hydrogen is described with a ‘squeaky pop’
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17
Q

Reactivity series

A

putas sadicas limpiando calcetines magneticamente autosaboteando zebras ironicamente cazando serpientes gordas

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18
Q

How is rust made?

A

iron + water+ oxygen -> hydrated iron (III) oxide (rust)

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19
Q

Three main ways of preventing rusting?

A
  • Painting/ coating with plastic - ideal for big and small structures alike
  • Oiling/ Greasing - best when object is moving
  • sacrificial methord
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20
Q

Sacrificial methord

A
  • placing a more reactive metal with the iron.
  • Water and oxygen then react with this metal insead than with iron
  • normally zinc is used and a coating is sprayed (GALVANISING)
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21
Q

litmus paper test

A
  • red -> acid
  • Purple -> neutral
  • blue -> alkaline
22
Q

Phenolphthalein test

A

colourless -> acidic
Bright pink -> alkaline

23
Q

Methyl orange

A
  • red -> acidic
  • Yellow -> alkaline
24
Q

Acids are a source of

A

hydrogen protons
They are proton donors

25
Q

Alkaline/base characteristics

A
  • bases are a substance that can neutralise an acid
  • Proton acceptors
  • Alkalines are soluble bases
  • An alkali are a source of hydroxide ions
26
Q

neutralisation

A

reaction between acid and alkali
acid donates protons to the base
outcome is always pH 7

27
Q

neutralisation general equation

A

acid + base -> salt + water

28
Q

acid + ammonia

A

-> ammonium salt

29
Q

metal carbonates general equation

A

acid + metal carbonate -> water + salt + carbon dioxide

30
Q

solubility of common salts: sodium, potassium, ammonium

A

soluble

31
Q

solubility of nitrates

A

soluble

32
Q

solubility of common chlorides

A

soluble except silver chloride and lead chloride

33
Q

solubility of common sulfates

A

soluble except lead, barium, calcium sulphate

34
Q

solubility of common carbonates

A

insoluble except for sodium potassium, ammonium

35
Q

common hydroxides

A

insoluble except sodium, potassium and calcium ones

36
Q

flame test use

A

identify metal ions (cations)

37
Q

flame test lithium

A

red flame

38
Q

flame test sodium

A

yellow

39
Q

flame test potassium

A

lilac

40
Q

flame test calcium

A

orange-red

41
Q

flame test copper

A

blue-green

42
Q

hydrochloric acid detects

A

carbonates
- add dilute hydrochloric acid to your test sample
- If CO2 released positive

43
Q

HCl and barium chloride tests

A

Sulphates
- add dilute HCl and follow by a barium chloride solution
- White precipitate formed positive

44
Q

Nitric acid and silver nitrate tests

A

Hilades (Cl, Br, I)
- chloride ion gives white precipitate of silver chloride
- Bromide ion gives cream precipitate of silver bromide
- Iodide ions gives a yellow precipitate of silver iodide

45
Q

Test for chlorine

A

bleaches damp blue litmus paper, turning it white

46
Q

test for oxygen

A

relights a glowing splint

47
Q

test for carbon dioxide

A

turns limewater cloudy

48
Q

test for hydrogen

A

makes squeaky pop with a lighted splint

49
Q

test for ammonia

A

turns damp red litmus paper blue

50
Q

tests for water

A

wet copper (III) sulphate is blue and dry is white.

IGCSE Chemistry Edexel (7 decks)

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