Section 6: Drugs That Affect The Respiratory System Flashcards
True or False:
The bronchial smooth muscle tone is maintained by impulses from the autonomic nervous system.
True. (Pg. 318)
True or False:
Beta2 receptor plays the dominant role in bronchial muscle tone.
True (Pg. 318)
Sympathetic fibers mainly affect beta2 receptors in the lungs through the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla and the release of norepinephrine from the peripheral sympathetic nerves. The epinephrine reaches the lungs via the circulatory system. Epinephrine interacts with beta2 receptors to produce smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. (Although beta1 receptors also are found on bronchial smooth muscle, their ratio to beta2 receptors is 1:3)
What drug is the primary treatment for obstructive pulmonary disease such as, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema?
Bronchodilators (Sympathomimetic) drugs (Pg. 318)
What type of sympathomimetic drug have alpha, beta1, and beta2 activity?
Nonselective adrenergic drugs (Pg. 318)
What type of sympathomimetic drug have beta1 and beta2 effects?
Nonselective beta-adrenergic drugs (Pg. 318)
What type of sympathomimetic drug acts primarily on beta2 receptors in the lungs (bronchial smooth muscle)?
Selective beta2 receptor drugs (Pg. 318)
Describe Alpha activities of adrenergic drugs used as bronchodilators:
Alpha effects:
Vasoconstriction
Increased blood pressure
Decreased bronchial congestion
Increased duration of action for coadministered beta2 drugs
(Pg. 319 Box 13-26)
Describe Beta1 activities of adrenergic drugs used as bronchodilators:
Beta1 effects:
Cardiac stimulation Increased heart rate Increased force of contraction Possible palpitations and dysrhythmias Relaxation of GI tract Some bronchodilation and increased heart rate
(Pg. 319 Box 13-26)
Describe Beta2 activities of adrenergic drugs used as bronchodilators:
Beta2 effects:
Bronchiole dilation
Stimulation of skeletal muscles (tremors)
Vasodilation (mainly in vessels supplying muscle)
Glycogenolysis
(Pg. 319 Box 13-26)
epinephrine is considered what type of sympathomimetic drug being no longer recommended for the management of asthma?
Nonselective beta-adrenergic drug (Pg. 319)
These drugs are not selective for Beta2 receptors thus having a wide range of effects
True or False:
Due to Beta2-selective drugs lessening the incidence of unwanted cardiac effects, patients with hypertension, cardiac disease, or diabetes can better tolerate this group o bronchodilators.
True (Pg. 319)
albuterol, levalbuterol, etc.
Why is it important to ask a patient which type of inhaler was used?
Some bronchodilators act rapidly (“rescue inhalers”) whereas others provide slow relief. (Pg. 319 NOTE)
What are Mucokinetic drugs used for?
Used to move respiratory secretions along the tracheobronchial tree. Altering the consistency of secretions. (Pg. 319)
What’s the difference between Mucus and Sputum?
Mucus - normal secretion
Sputum- abnormal viscous secretion, consisting mainly of mucus, originating in the lower respiratory tract.
(Pg. 320 NOTE)
What are some other drugs that that are considered to be respiratory depressants?
Opiates and barbiturates (Pg. 320)
