Section 1: Drug Information Flashcards by Camryn Soria

The science of drugs used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. Deals with the interactions between living systems and chemical molecules.

Pharmacology (Pg. 278)

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The SCIENCE of dispensing drugs

Pharmaceutics (Pg. 278)

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A medication that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition.

Orphan Drug (Pg. 278)

The Federal Gov provides incentives to pharmaceutical companies to research and develop less profitable drugs. To treat rare, chronic diseases such as hemophilia, leprosy, Cushing’s syndrome, etc.

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What are drugs called, that are under study and not yet approved by the US FDA for sale in the US?

Investigational drugs (Pg. 278)

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Any substance taken by mouth; injected into a muscle, blood vessel, or cavity of the body; or applied topically to treat or prevent a disease condition.

Drug (Pg. 278-279)

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What are the 5 major sources that drugs have been identified or derived from?

Acronym: C(HA)MMP

C.hemical substances made in the lab
(H.uman beings
A).nimals
M.inerals
M.icroorganisms
P.lants (alkaloids, glycosides,gums, and oils)

(Pg. 279)

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Drug Source?

Digoxin
Morphine
Atropine

Plant Source (Pg.279)

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Drug Source?

Epinephrine
Insulin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Animal and Human Sources (Pg. 279)

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Drug Source?

Calcium Chloride
Iodine
Iron
Sodium Bicarbonate

Mineral or Mineral Product (Pg. 279)

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Drug Source?

Penicillin
Streptomycin

Microorganism Sources (Pg. 279)

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Drug Source?

Diazepam (Valium)
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Midazolam (Versed)

Chemical Substances / Lab produced Chemicals (Pg. 279)

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Four types of names drugs can be identified by:

Chemical name
Generic name
Trade name
Official name

(Pg. 279-280)

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A name of the drug that is an exact description, describing the chemical composition of the drug, and describes its molecular structure

Chemical name (Pg. 279)

Ex. (-)-17-allyl-4-5-epoxy-3, 14-dihydrooxymorphinan-6-one-hydrochloride

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A name of the drug that often is an abbreviated form of the chemical name, used more commonly than the chemical name, generally less expensive, and is the official name approved by the US FDA. (Nonproprietary name)

Generic name (Pg. 279)

Ex. naloxone hydrochloride

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A name of the drug that is a trademark name designated by the drug company that sells the medication, is a proper noun, and the first letter is always capitalized.

Trade name (Pg. 279-280)

Ex. Narcan

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A name of the drug that is the official name of a drug followed by the initials USP (United States Pharmacopeia or National Formulary), most cases the same name as the generic name.

Official name (Pg. 280)

Ex. naloxone hydrochloride USP

Which drug reference is considered by many to be the most reliable source of information on medications and drugs?

(American Medical Association Drug Evaluation, Hospital Formulary, Medication Package Inserts, Physicians’ Desk Reference, Nursing Drug Reference)

Hospital Formulary (Pg. 280 Box 13-2)

Which drug reference has written literature describing product use, that provide valuable information as new drugs are introduced?

(American Medical Association Drug Evaluation, Hospital Formulary, Medication Package Inserts, Physicians’ Desk Reference, Nursing Drug Reference)

Medication package inserts (Pg. 280 Box 13-2)

Which drug reference provides product information through several cross-referenced indexes, identification guide that shows actual-size, color pictures of commonly prescribed med. Shows FDA approved indications, contraindications, and adverse effects?

(American Medical Association Drug Evaluation, Hospital Formulary, Medication Package Inserts, Physicians’ Desk Reference, Nursing Drug Reference)

Physicians’ desk reference (Pg. 280 Box 13-2)

Which Act was passed in 1906 by Congress meant to protect the public from mislabeled or adulterated drugs?

Pure Food and Drug Act (Pg. 280)

The only official book of drug standards in the US

United States Pharmacopeia (Pg. 280)

The strength, purity, or effectiveness of a drug can be measured through chemical analysis in a lab through which process?

Assay (Pg. 280)

A concentration of a drug can be determined by comparing its effect on an organism, animal, or isolated tissue to that of a drug that produces a known effect, is which process?

Bioassay (biological assay) (Pg. 280)

Controlled Substances:

Has a high abuse potential
Has no accepted medical use; for research, analysis, or instruction only
May lead to severe dependence

(Schedule I, II, III, IV, V)

Ex. Heroin, Marijuana, LSD, Peyote, Ecstacy

Schedule I (Pg. 281 Table 13-1)

Controlled Substances: Has high abuse potential Has accepted medical uses May lead to severe physical or psychological dependence or both (Schedule I, II, III, IV, V) Ex. Opium, morphine sulfate, oxycodone, methadone, cocaine, amphetamine

Schedule II (Pg. 281 Table 13-1)

Controlled Substances: Has less abuse potential Has accepted medical uses May lead to moderate to low physical dependence or high psychological dependence (Schedule I, II, III, IV, V)

Schedule III (Pg. 281 Table 13-1)

Controlled Substances: Has lower abuse potential Has accepted medical uses May lead to limited physical or psychological dependence (Schedule I, II, III, IV, V) Ex. Barbital, chloral hydrate, diazepam, alprazolam

Schedule IV (Pg. 281 Table 13-1)

Controlled Substances: Has low abuse potential Has accepted medical uses May lead to limited physical or psychological dependence (Schedule I, II, III, IV, V) Ex. Medications generally for relief of coughs or diarrhea that contain monitored amounts of certain opioid controlled Substances

Schedule V (Pg. 281 Table 13-1)

True or False: It is legal for any person to possess a controlled substance without a valid prescription or physicians order

False (Pg. 281 NOTE)

Developed in 1938, this Act contained a provision to prevent marketing of a new drug before it was tested properly. This specific Act also required that the label list all ingredients used in preparing the drug and the directions for drug use.

The federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Pg. 282. Box 13-3)

In 1952, this Amendment restricted the dispensing of legend (prescription) drugs. Legend drugs must bear the legend "Caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing without prescription".

The Durham-Humphrey Amendment (Pg. 282 Box 13-3)

In 1962, This Amendment required that the safety and efficacy of a new drug be proved before the drug could be approved for use.

The Kefauver-Harris Amendment (Pg. 282 Box 13-3)

In 1970, this Act classifies a controlled substance by its use and abuse potential. Classified into numbered schedules from I-V

The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act (The Controlled Substances Act) (Pg. 282 Box 13-3)

This regulatory agency is responsible for enforcing the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1937

Food and Drug Administration (Pg. 282)

This regulatory agency is an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It regulates biological products, which include viruses, therapeutic serums, antitoxins, or analogous products applicable in the prevention or cure of human diseases or injuries.

Public Health Service (Pg. 282)

This regulatory agency is an agency of the federal government directly responsible to the president of U.S. It's principal action with respect to drugs lies in its power to suppress false or misleading advertising aimed at the public

Federal Trade Commission (Pg. 282)

This regulatory agency is responsible for administering and enforcing the Food and Drugs Act, the Proprietary or Patent Medicine Act, and the Narcotics Control Act

Canadian Drug Control (Pg. 282)

This regulatory agency adopted treaties that obligated governments to control narcotic substances. The International Control Board was established to enforce this law.

International drug control (Pg. 282)