section 5.4-5.6

Question 1

what is a polymer made of the amino acid tyrosine?

Answer 1

melanin

Question 2

what causes the pinkish hue of fair skin and lives in red blood cells in dermal capillaries?

Answer 2

hemoglobin

Question 3

what yellowish-orange pigment can be converted into vitamin a for vision and epidermal health?

Answer 3

carotene

Question 4

where could you find carotene in the body?

Answer 4

stratum coreum and the subcutaneous layer

Question 5

what are hair, hair follicles, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands classified as?

Answer 5

skin appendages

Question 6

what can be indicated by a blueness of skin?

Answer 6

respiratory or cardiovascular problems

Question 7

what can be indicated by pallor or blanching?

Answer 7

emotional stress or anemia

Question 8

what can be indicated by redness of skin?

Answer 8

blushing, fever, inflammation, allergy

Question 9

what can be indicated by yellowness of skin?

Answer 9

jaundice

Question 10

what can red/purple/green/yellow marks on the skin indicate?

Answer 10

bruises

Question 11

what can a brown/black “necklace” or bruises indicate?

Answer 11

insulin resistance or elevated blood glucose

Question 12

what are flexible strands produced by hair follicles?

Answer 12

hair

Question 13

what is composed of dead, keratinized cells and is made of hard keratin?

Answer 13

hair

Question 14

what kind of keratin dominates hairs and nails, is tougher, and is more durable?

Answer 14

hard keratin

Question 15

what are the chief regions of hair?

Answer 15

root and shaft

Question 16

what hair region is embedded in skin?

Answer 16

root

Question 17

what hair region projects over the surface?

Answer 17

shaft

Question 18

what are the 3 concentric layers of the hair?

Answer 18

medulla, cortex, cuticle

Question 19

what is the central core of the hair that contains large cells and air spaces and is absent from fine hair?

Answer 19

medulla

Question 20

what’s the bulky layer surrounding the medulla that consists of several layers of flattened cells?

Answer 20

cortex

Question 21

what layer of hair is the outermost layer and has cells that overlap like shingles on a roof?

Answer 21

cuticle

Question 22

what fold down from the epidermal surface into the dermis?

Answer 22

hair follicles

Question 23

what is derived from the epidermis and has 2 components: the external and internal root sheath?

Answer 23

epithelial root sheath

Question 24

what do the deep ends of follicles expand to become?

Answer 24

hair bulb

Question 25

what is a knot of sensory receptors that wraps around each hair bulb?

Answer 25

hair follicle receptor

Question 26

what forms the external layer of the follicle wall?

Answer 26

peripheral connective tissue sheath

Question 27

what is a junction of the fibrous sheath and the epithelial root sheath?

Answer 27

glassy membrane

Question 28

what is the basement membrane of follicle epithelium?

Answer 28

glassy membrane

Question 29

what is composed of the dividing cells of the hair follicle and lies adjacent to hair papilla?

Answer 29

hair matrix

Question 30

what are hair matrix cells replenished by?

Answer 30

stem cells

Question 31

what are bundles of smooth muscle cells that cause goosebumps?

Answer 31

arrector pilli

Question 32

what disease occurs when too many follicles enter the resting phase at the same time?

Answer 32

Tellogen effuvium

Question 33

what disease is genetically determined and changes the response of hair follicles to androgens

Answer 33

make pattern baldness

Question 34

what forms a protective covering on the dorsal surface of toes on fingers?

Answer 34

nails

Question 35

what is the bed of epidermal cells that the nail rests on called?

Answer 35

nail bed

Question 36

what is the outward concavity of the mail that may signal iron deficiency?

Answer 36

koilonychia

Question 37

what is the proximal nail fold projecting onto the nail body?

Answer 37

cuticle

Question 38

what is the thickened region beneath the free edge at which dirt and degree accumulate?

Answer 38

hyponychium