Section 5 Clincal Flashcards
Coarctation of the aorta
stenosis of the aorta either proximally (preductal) or distal (postductal) to the ductus arteriosus; cause not known
Right to left shunt
pulmonary to systemic circulation; symptoms are cyanosis
Left to right shunt
systemic to pulmonary circulation; hypertrophic right atrium and ventricle
Atrial septal defects
a broad range of congenital defects in the septa that result in a left to right shunt; foramen primum, foramen secundum and common atrium are all examples
Foramen secundum defects
can be caused by foramen secundum being too big or septum secundum being too small; normally asymptomatic until 30 (pulmonary hypertension)
Probe patent foramen ovale
25% of people have this
Foramen primum defects
inability of the primum to fuse with the endocardial cushions; often combined with a cleft mitral cusp; also frequently found in Down syndrome
Sinus venosus ASDs
incomplete integration of the sinus venosus into the right atrium
Common atrium
complete failure of the septum primum and septum secundum to form -> serious problem
Ventricular septal defect
incomplete growth of the membranous or muscular portion of the interventricular septum
Patent ductus arteriosus
failure of closure of the ductus arteriosus shortly after birth
Persistent truncus arteriosus
failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to develop; usually combined with a membranous ventricular defect
Transposition of the great arteries
non-spiral aorticopulmonary septum; this connects the ventricles in reverse and is not compatible with life
Tetralogy of Fallot (TF)
aorticopulmonary septum and endocardial cushion defect; causes: pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, over-riding aorta (aorta right on top of the septal defect), hypertrophic right ventricle
