Section 5 chemical industry

Question 1

Factors influencing industrial design

Answer 1

Availability, sustainability, and cost of feedstocks
recycling products,
Energy requirements
Marketability of by products
Product yield

Question 2

Feedstock definition

Answer 2

A reactant chemical from which other products can be extracted or synthesised.

Question 3

Environmental considerations

Answer 3

Minimise waste
Don’t use Toxic substance in production
Designing products to biodegrade.

Question 4

Moles mass and gfm

Answer 4

M = n x gfm

Question 5

Moles concentration and volume

Answer 5

N = CV

Question 6

Molar volume, volume and number of moles

Answer 6

V = N x MV

Question 7

Limiting factor definition

Answer 7

The reactant substance in a reaction where all of the reactant is used up, to prevent waste of materials.

Question 8

Excess definition

Answer 8

The reactant substance in a chemical reaction where more of it is reacted with the limiting factor than necessary, to ensure that all the limiting factor is used up.

Question 9

Which factor is used when calculating quantities

Answer 9

Limiting factor

Question 10

Percentage yield

Answer 10

Percentage yield = actual yield / theoretical yield x100

Question 11

Atom economy

Answer 11

Mass of desired products / total mass of reactants x 100 (refers to mass but really gfm)

Question 12

Cost of a process

Answer 12

Find the mass of the reactants
Use the cost of reactants to show total theoretical cost
Use 100/actual percentage to calculate cost.

Question 13

Determining the limiting factor or excess of a reaction

Answer 13

Look at the number of moles of both reactants, and then use the mole ratio to calculate excess / limiting factor.

Question 14

Availability sustainability and cost of feedstocks

Answer 14

A factor influencing industrial design, if the feedstocks are available, sustainable and cheap then the reaction will be economical, due to it being easier to purchase raw materials

Question 15

Opportunity for recycling products

Answer 15

A factor influencing industrial design, if there are byproducts which can be recycled this can reduce waste, and reduce the cost and use of real materials.

Question 16

Energy requirements

Answer 16

A factor influencing industrial design, If there’s low energy requirement costs the cost of producing the product will decrease, making it more economical.

Question 17

By products marketability

Answer 17

A factor influencing industrial design, if the products are marketable, they may also be potentially sellable, increasing profit.

Question 18

Product yield

Answer 18

A factor affecting industrial design, of there is a high product yield, more product is produced, increasing profit.

Question 19

Minimising waste (environment)

Answer 19

An environmental factor influencing industrial design, if the process produces lots of waste products, it may not be economically viable, since the lots of money might have to invested into cleaning up these harmful byproducts.

Question 20

Avoid the use of toxic chemicals and production of toxic chemicals (environmental)

Answer 20

If a process produces or uses toxic chemicals, there may have to be extra safety procedures to ensure no accidents occur, damaging the environment.

Question 21

Designing products to biodegrade (environmental)

Answer 21

If a byproduct biodegrades, it will break down naturally, and no money will be required to dispose of these byproducts.

Question 22

Molar volume

Answer 22

The volume occupied by one mole of any gas at a specific temperature and pressure.