Section 5 chemical industry Flashcards
Factors influencing industrial design
Availability, sustainability, and cost of feedstocks
recycling products,
Energy requirements
Marketability of by products
Product yield
Feedstock definition
A reactant chemical from which other products can be extracted or synthesised.
Environmental considerations
Minimise waste
Don’t use Toxic substance in production
Designing products to biodegrade.
Moles mass and gfm
M = n x gfm
Moles concentration and volume
N = CV
Molar volume, volume and number of moles
V = N x MV
Limiting factor definition
The reactant substance in a reaction where all of the reactant is used up, to prevent waste of materials.
Excess definition
The reactant substance in a chemical reaction where more of it is reacted with the limiting factor than necessary, to ensure that all the limiting factor is used up.
Which factor is used when calculating quantities
Limiting factor
Percentage yield
Percentage yield = actual yield / theoretical yield x100
Atom economy
Mass of desired products / total mass of reactants x 100 (refers to mass but really gfm)
Cost of a process
Find the mass of the reactants
Use the cost of reactants to show total theoretical cost
Use 100/actual percentage to calculate cost.
Determining the limiting factor or excess of a reaction
Look at the number of moles of both reactants, and then use the mole ratio to calculate excess / limiting factor.
Availability sustainability and cost of feedstocks
A factor influencing industrial design, if the feedstocks are available, sustainable and cheap then the reaction will be economical, due to it being easier to purchase raw materials
Opportunity for recycling products
A factor influencing industrial design, if there are byproducts which can be recycled this can reduce waste, and reduce the cost and use of real materials.
Energy requirements
A factor influencing industrial design, If there’s low energy requirement costs the cost of producing the product will decrease, making it more economical.
By products marketability
A factor influencing industrial design, if the products are marketable, they may also be potentially sellable, increasing profit.
Product yield
A factor affecting industrial design, of there is a high product yield, more product is produced, increasing profit.
Minimising waste (environment)
An environmental factor influencing industrial design, if the process produces lots of waste products, it may not be economically viable, since the lots of money might have to invested into cleaning up these harmful byproducts.
Avoid the use of toxic chemicals and production of toxic chemicals (environmental)
If a process produces or uses toxic chemicals, there may have to be extra safety procedures to ensure no accidents occur, damaging the environment.
Designing products to biodegrade (environmental)
If a byproduct biodegrades, it will break down naturally, and no money will be required to dispose of these byproducts.
Molar volume
The volume occupied by one mole of any gas at a specific temperature and pressure.
