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Cisco ICND 2 > Section 5 > Flashcards

Section 5 Flashcards

Troubleshooting IPv4 Network Connectivity

1
Q

What should you check when there is no end to end connectivity between devices?

A
  1. Physical connections (cables, etc…)
  2. Route path (traceroute, route tables)
  3. Default gateways
  4. Name resolution
  5. Access Control Lists
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2
Q

What does ACL stand for?

A

Access Control List

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3
Q

What is an ACL?

A

A list kept by router to control access to or from the router for a number of services.

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4
Q

What does ICMP stand for?

A

Internet Control Messaging Protocol

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5
Q

What OSI layer does ICMP operate at?

A

Layer 3 (Network)

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6
Q

What is ICMP used for?

A

To report errors and provide information that is relevant to IP pack processing.

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7
Q

What RFC documents ICMP?

A

RFC 792

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8
Q

What does SLA stand for?

A

Service Level Agreement

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9
Q

What are three functions of the IP SLA measurements?

A
  1. Edge-to-edge network availability monitoring
  2. Network performance monitoring
  3. Troubleshooting network operation
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10
Q

What command creates an IP SLA operation and enters the IP SLA configuration mode?

A

ip sla [operation #]

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11
Q

What command configures an ICMP echo test for a specified destination?

A

icmp-echo [destination ip address]

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12
Q

What is the command for scheduling when an IP SLA measurement will be taken?

A

ip sla schedule [parmeters]

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13
Q

What are the parameters that can be used when you use the ip sla schedule command?

A
  1. life
  2. start-time
  3. ageout
  4. recurring
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14
Q

What does the life keyword set in an IP SLA measurement?

A

How long the IP SLA test will run.

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15
Q

How long will the IP SLA test run if you use the following command?
ip sla schedule life forever

A

Until you manually remove it.

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16
Q

What keyword determines when the IP SLA test should start?

A

start-time

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17
Q

What start-time keyword allows you start the IP SLA measurement immediately?

A

now

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18
Q

What keyword controls how long IP SLA date is kept?

A

ageout

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19
Q

What keyword lets you schedule an IP SLA test periodically?

A

recurring

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20
Q

Can you modify an IP SLA test after it has been scheduled?

A

No

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21
Q

What command lets you verify IP SLA configuration on a device?

A

show ip sla configuration

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22
Q

What command lets you verify IP SLA statistics on a device?

A

show ip sla statistics

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23
Q

What two tools should be used to test end to end connectivity?

A

ping and treaceroute

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24
Q

What are the three main categories of issues that cause a failure of the network?

A
  1. hardware failures
  2. software failures (bugs)
  3. configuration errors
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25
Q

What can you do to check the status of an interface?

A
  1. Check LEDs on the device

2. Use the show interfaces command in the CLI

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26
Q

What three steps can you try when you have a down interface?

A
  1. Check that you have the correct cable type
  2. Try replacing the suspect cable with a known good one
  3. Enable the interface in the CLI
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27
Q

What output should you look to from the show interfaces command to identify interface/cabling issues?

A
  1. Input queue drops
  2. Output queue drops
  3. Input errors
  4. Output errors
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28
Q

What do Input Queue Drops indicate?

A

More traffic was delivered than could be processed. Usually indicates high CPU usuage.

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29
Q

What does LED stand for?

A

Light Emitting Diode

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30
Q

What do Output Queue Drops indicate?

A

That packets were dropped on the interface. Typically occurs when aggregate input traffic is higher than output capability. A network bottleneck is occurring.

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31
Q

What do Input errors indicate?

A

Errors were detected during the reception of the frame. Typically CRC errors.

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32
Q

What do CRC errors indicate?

A

cabling issues, duplex mismatches, and interface hardware problems.

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33
Q

What do Output errors indicate?

A

Output errors typically indicate data collisions over the wire. Usually the result of duplex mismatches.

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34
Q

What is the most common cause of interface errors?

A

Duplex mismatches

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35
Q

Point-to-point links should always be run at what duplex?

A

Full

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36
Q

When is autonegotiation for speed and duplex recommended?

A

For ports that are connected to non-critical endpoints.

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37
Q

When is manually setting the speed and duplex recommended?

A

On links between network devices and ports connected to critical endpoints.

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38
Q

What command is used to verify speed and duplex settings on an interface?

A

show interfaces [interface]

39
Q

What standard defines physical layer and data link layer media access control of wired 1000BASE-T?

A

802.3ab

40
Q

What does the 802.3ab standard define?

A

Physical and data link layer media access control of wired 1000BASE-T

41
Q

What does NIC stand for?

A

Network Interface Card

42
Q

What is a NIC?

A

A board that provides network communication capabilities to and from a computer system.

43
Q

What does SMTP stand for?

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

44
Q

What is SMTP?

A

An Internet protocol used for providing e-mail services.

45
Q

What command is used to view the routing table?

A

show ip route

46
Q

What do the following routing codes in the routing table indicate:
L, C, S, R, O, D

A 
L = Local host route
C = Directly connected route
S = Static Route
R = RIP
O = OSPF
D = EIGRP
47
Q

Why does EIGRP use D for the routing code?

A

D is the first letter in the DUAL algorithm used by EIGRP

48
Q

What types of routes are shown in the routing table?

A
  1. Directly connected
  2. Local host routes
  3. Static routes
  4. Dynamic routes
  5. Default routes
49
Q

What happens to a packet if there is no matching routing entry, and no default route is set?

A

The packet is dropped

50
Q

What happens to a packet if there is no matching routing entry, and a default route is set?

A

The packet is sent towards the default route

51
Q

What happens to a packet that matches a route entry?

A

The packet is sent to the interface defined in the route

52
Q

What happens when packets match multiple entries with the same prefix (subnet mask)

A

The packets will be load balanced across the routes

53
Q

What happens when packets match multiple routing entries with different prefixes?

A

The route with the most specific (higher) prefix is used

54
Q

What does SPAN stand for?

A

Switch Port Analyzer

55
Q

What is SPAN used for?

A

To copy traffic received on one port or VLAN to another port for analysis.

56
Q

What is used in conjunction with SPAN to capture and analyze traffic?

A

A packet sniffer (e.g. Wireshark)

57
Q

What are two rules to keep in mind when configuring SPAN?

A
  1. A destination port cannot be a source port, or vice versa.
  2. The destination port is no longer a normal switchport - only monitored traffic passes through.
58
Q

What is SPAN identified by?

A

A session number

59
Q

What command is used to associate SPAN with a source port?

A

monitor session [number] source interface [interface]

60
Q

What command is used to associate SPAN with a destination port?

A

monitor session [number] destination interface [interface]

61
Q

What command is used to verify the default gateway on a route?

A

show ip route

62
Q

What commands can be used to verify a default gateway on a Windows device?

A
  1. route print

2. ipconfig /all

63
Q

What does FTP stand for?

A

File Transfer Protocol

64
Q

What is FTP use for?

A

Exchanging files over the Internet

65
Q

How can the mapping of computer names to IP addresses be accomplished?

A
  1. Statically via a hosts file

2. Dynamically via DNS

66
Q

What can you use in place of an IP when using ping or traceroute?

A

A hostname

67
Q

What three locations can you modify IP to name mappings of a network?

A
  1. The local host file on a PC
  2. The DNS server
  3. A Cisco switch or router
68
Q

Where is the host file located on a Windows PC?

A

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc

69
Q

What command is used to map a name to IP on a Cisco device?

A

ip host [name] [address]

70
Q

What does a typical TCP/IP packet include?

A
  1. Frame Header
  2. IP Header (packet)
  3. TCP Header (segment)
  4. Data
71
Q

What can extended ACLs test packets by?

A
  1. Protocol (IP, TCP, UDP)
  2. Source Address
  3. Destination Address
  4. Port Number
72
Q

What are the two types of extended ACLs?

A
  1. Named

2. Numbered

73
Q

What number ranges indicate an extended ACL?

A

100 - 199, 2000 - 2699

74
Q

What command is used to create an extended named ACL?

A

ip access-list extended [name]

75
Q

What command and parameters are used in an ACL permit or deny statement?

A

[permit | deny] [protocol] [(source ip) (source wildcard) | any | (host) (source ip | hostname)] [(operator) (port)] [(destination ip) (destination wildcard) | any | (host) (destination ip | hostname)] [(operator) (port)

76
Q

What are the most commonly specified protocols in an extended ACL?

A

IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP

77
Q

What are the most common operators specified in an extended ACL?

A

lt (less than), gt (greater than), eq (equal), neq (not equal), and range (inclusive range)

78
Q

What command applies an ACL to an interface in the inbound or outbound direction?

A

ip access-group [ACL name] [in | out]

79
Q

What does TCP stand for?

A

Transmission Control Protocol

80
Q

At what layer does TCP operate?

A

Layer 4 (Transport)

81
Q

What is TCP?

A

Connection oriented transport layer protocol that provides reliable full duplex data transmission.

82
Q

What does UDP stand for?

A

User Datagram Protocol

83
Q

Is UDP connection oriented or connectionless?

A

Connectionless

84
Q

What is the primary advantage of UDP over TCP?

A

Speed

85
Q

What RFC defines UDP?

A

RFC 768

86
Q

What command is used to view ACLs on the router?

A

show ip access lists

87
Q

What command is used to determine where ACLs are applied?

A

show ip interface [interface]

88
Q

What is a better syntax for the show ip interface command when wanting to identify ACLs on an interface?

A

show ip interface [interface] | include access list

89
Q

What does DNS stand for?

A

Domain Name System

90
Q

List six useful troubleshooting commands.

A
  1. show ip route
  2. sh ip interface brief
  3. show run | section interface
  4. show ip interface
  5. ping
  6. traceroute
91
Q

In IOS what does the “.” (dot) character indicate in an ICMP echo request

A

No reply

92
Q

In IOS what does the “U” character indicate in an ICMP echo request?

A

Network unreachable

93
Q

What happens when you use telnet to connect to a port on a device that is not open?

A

The connection will be refused.

Cisco ICND 2 (4 decks)

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