Section 4 - DNA, genes and protein synthesis Flashcards
What can reduce species diversity in agriculture?
Monocultures
Overgrazing
Draining wetlands
How can we compare genetic diversity between species?
DNA sequences Observable characteristics Amino acid sequences
During transcription, what is reading the open DNA to make a sequence of complementary bases?
RNA polymerase
How do you write the scientific names of species?
Underlined Italics First letter of first name uppercase
Write the taxonomic ranks in order
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What is artifical classification?
single or at most only a few characteristics to group plants
Which bases pair with 3 hydrogen bonds?
G to C
Where else can DNA be found in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria Chloroplasts
What type of bond is formed between the amino acids during translation?
Peptide
Why is splicing needed during transcription?
To remove introns
Which bases pair with 2 hydrogen bonds?
A to T
What is a triplet on a mRNA molecule referred as?
codon
What are some facts about mRNA?
Short lifetime Single stranded Present in transcription Present in translation
What is different from pre-mRNA and mRNA?
Introns are removed
What type of classification groups organisms based on evolutionary relationships?
Phylogenetic classification
Define the term allele.
The different characteristics coded for by the same gene
How do we name species?
Binomial system
What is a triplet on a tRNA molecule referred as?
Anticodon
Define the term gene.
A section of DNA at a specific position
What classifies organisms into the domain bacteria?
70S ribosomes Cell walls contain murein No histones associated with DNA
How could you describe other types of eukaryotic DNA? (not found in the nucleus) *
Short Not associated with proteins
What are the 3 domains?
Eukarya Bacteria Archaea