Biological molecules Flashcards
What are the units of the mole?
mol
what is a solvent?
The liquid that a solute is dissolved into to make a solution
Individual biological molecules that can be linked to form chains are called…
monomers
Which type of reaction take place every time a monomer undergoes polymerisation?
a condensation reaction
How many atoms of carbon-12 are found in 1 mole of carbon-12?
6.022 x 1023
Which polymer do many mononucleotides form?
Polynucleotides
Define a ‘molar solution’ (1 M)
A molar solution (1 M) is a solution that contains 1 mole of solute in every litre (dm3) of solution.
How else can 1 mol dm-3 be written?
1 mole per litre
1 Molar
1 M
Name the common biological monomers
mononucleotides (or just nucleotides)
monosaccharides
amino acids
Describe a hydrogen bond
When the positive charge of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative charge of another polar molecule.
How can we find the mass of 1 mole of a more complex molecule?
Look up the atomic masses of each element that make up the molecule and add them together.
The process of polymer formation from monomers is called…
polymerisation
a hydrolysis reaction requires…
the addition of water to separate a polymer into its monomers.
What is meant by metabolism?
All of the chemical reactions that are taking place in the human body
What is a solute?
The solid that is dissolved to make a solution
Name 3 common biological polymers
Polynucleotides
Polysaccharides
Polypeptides (proteins)
What is 6.022 x 1023 referred to as?
Avagadros Number
Avagadros Constant
The number of something in 1 mole
Describe a covalent bond
When atoms share a pair of electrons in their outer shell.
Which polymer do many monosaccharides form?
Polysaccharides
a condensation reaction releases…
a water molecule when monomers join
How else can 1 mole per litre be written?
1 mole dm-3
1 Molar
1 M
1 litre = _____ dm3
1 litre = 1 dm3
How many of something are there in 1 mole?
6.022 × 1023
Name the 3 types of bond that join biological molecules together
Covalent bonds
Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Long chains of monomer sub units are called…
polymers
Moles are used when talking about large numbers of substances such as…
Atoms
Molecules
What is a molecule?
When two or more atoms are chemically bonded together.
What is the mass of 1 mole of carbon?
12 g
Describe an ionic bond
When oppositely charge ions are attracted to one another e.g. Na+ and Cl-
What is an atom?
The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist
How can we easily find the mass of 1 mole of an element?
Look up the atomic mass of the element on a periodic table.
Which polymer do many amino acids form?
Polypeptides (proteins)
Which type of reaction take place every time a polymer is broken down into monomers?
hydrolysis
name the molecule
unsaturated fatty acid
Name a biological molecule that contains nitrogen
protein/amino acids
DNA
RNA
ATP/ADP
NAD/NADP
nucleotide
define a monomer
smaller/repeating unit/molecule from which a larger molecule is made (polymer)
What monomers make up lactose?
galactose and glucose
name the bond between 2 monosaccarides
glycosidic
name the bond between fatty acids and glycerol
ester
An individual sugar molecule is called a…
monosaccharide
Name a structural polysaccharide
Cellulose (plant cell walls)
A 5 carbon sugar is called a…
pentose
What happens during hydrolysis
A water molecule is taken in to break down a chain of molecules.
A 4 carbon sugar is called a…
tetrose
Polysaccharides are large. This means that they are…
insoluble (will not dissolve)
When many monosaccharides join together, they form a…
polysaccharide
Which elements make up carbohydrates?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
When 2 monosaccharides join together, they form a…
disaccharide
What happens during a condensation reaction?
A water molecule is released from the reacting molecules
How many covalent bonds does carbon make?
4
Which type of reaction takes place when two monosaccharides join together?
Condensation Reaction
A 3 carbon sugar is called a…
triose
A 6 carbon sugar is called a…
hexose
Name the bond that forms between two monosaccharides
Glycosidic bond
An individual biological molecule is called a…
monomer
Which type of reaction takes place when a disaccharide or polysaccharide is broken down?
Hydrolysis