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NASM > Section 4 Definitions > Flashcards

Section 4 Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

mortality

A

a state or a risk of death or dying

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2
Q

morbidity

A

the state of having a disease

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3
Q

high-intensity interval training (HIIT)

A

an exercise training method defined bu intervals of near-maximal intensity broken up by relatively short rest periods

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4
Q

deconditioned

A

a sate of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability

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5
Q

health risk assessment (HRA)

A

a screening tool used to evaluate the benefits and the risks associated with starting any type of exercise that is strenuous in nature

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6
Q

contraindication

A

a specific situation where a medication, procedure, or exercise should be avoided because it may prove to be harmful to the individual

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7
Q

physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q+)

A

a detailed questionnaire designed to assess an individual’s readiness to engage with structured exercise

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8
Q

false-positive screenings

A

a screening where the result of the health risk assessment might indicate a need for medical clearance, when one is in fact not needed

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9
Q

health history questionnaire (HHQ)

A

a questionnaire with lists of questions that pertain to the health history and habits of a potential client, such as exercise history, eating behaviours and general lifestyle

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10
Q

resting heart rate (RHR)

A

bpm while at complete rest

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11
Q

thermoregulation

A

a physiological process by which the body maintains a relatively constant internal body temperature, including events like sweating to cool, and shivering to warm the body

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12
Q

peripheral vasodilation

A

action of expanding the diameter of a blood vessel near the surface of the skin, which helps to remove heat from the body

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13
Q

heart rate (HR)

A

measurement of number of times heartbeats in a specified period of time, usually 1minute

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14
Q

blood pressure (BP)

A

outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls: systolic/diastolic

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15
Q

systolic blood pressure (SBP)

A

the pressure in the arteries and other vessels when the heart is contracting, the first/top number

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16
Q

diastolic blood pressure (DBP)

A

the pressure in the arteries and other vessels between beats, when the heart is at rest, the second/bottom number

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17
Q

arterial system

A

system of arteries carrying blood away from the heart

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18
Q

brachial artery

A

primary artery of upper arm, often used as a site of measuring blood pressure

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19
Q

anthropometry

A

field of study of the measurement of living humans for the purpose of understanding human physical variation in size, weight, and proportion

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20
Q

BMI

A

a person’s weight relative to height, used to estimate risk of obesity

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21
Q

circumference measurement

A

measurement that determines overall dimensions (girth) of a body segment, estimate body composition, or prevalence of obesity

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22
Q

waist circumference

A

narrowest circumference taken around the midline of the body at the approximate height of belly button

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23
Q

waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)

A

relative score expressing the ratio of the waist circumference to the hip circumference, correlates to the risk for developing cardiovascular disease

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24
Q

gluteal fold

A

the area where the fold of the buttocks joins the back of the thigh

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25
Q

skinfold measurements

A

a technique used to estimate body fat in which calipers are used to pinch the skin in certain areas of the body

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26
Q

Jackson and Pollock 7-site protocol

A

measures the thickness of skinfolds at 7 sites on the body to estimate body fat percentage. chest, mid-axillary, subscapular, triceps, abdoment, suprailiac, thigh

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27
Q

Jackson and Pollock 3-site protocol

A

M: chest, abdomen, thigh
F: triceps, suprailiac, thigh

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28
Q

4-site Durnin-Womersley protocol

A

biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac

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29
Q

bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

A

a body composition assessment tool that estimates body fat percentage by measuring the resistance to the flow of electrical currents introduced into the body

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30
Q

Archimedes’ principle

A

assumption stating that the volume of fluid displaced is equivalent of the volume below the surface

31
Q

cardiorespiratory fitness

A

ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to provide the body with oxygen during activity

32
Q

cardiorespiratory assessments

A

protocols intended to measure the aerobic fitness of an individual

33
Q

mitochondria

A

part of the cell that uses nutrients to created energy for the cell; powerhouse of the cell

34
Q

YMCA 3-minute step test

A

aerobic test that measures cardiovascular fitness of an individual based on a 3min bout of stair stepping at a specific cadence

35
Q

recovery heart rate (RHR)

A

number of heartbeats, measured after exercise ceases, which provides some indication of an individual’s fitness level (quicker recovery, more conditioned/fit)

36
Q

Rockport walk test

A

aerobic test for deconditioned individuals or those of low fitness levels in which they are instructed to walk as fast as possible and have their pulse taken immediately after completing 1-mile

37
Q

1.5mile (2.4km) run test

A

aerobic test measures cardiorespiratory endurance by having the participant cover the distance in as short a time as possible

38
Q

talk test

A

aerobic test that measures the participant’s ability to talk or hold a conversation during an activity at various intensity levels

39
Q

steady-state (SS) heart rate

A

any stage at which the physiological response of heart rate from the cardiovascular system becomes relatively constant in relation to the amount of work being performed (HR response matches level of work being done)

40
Q

VT1

A

the point at which the body uses an equal mix of carbohydrate and fat as fuel sources

41
Q

VT2

A

point where glucose provides nearly all of the energy for the activity

42
Q

anaerobic energy systems

A

energy systems used to perform work in which glycogen is converted to glucose and oxygen is insufficient to breakdown pyruvate and create ATP

43
Q

static posture

A

positioning of the musculoskeletal system which the body is motionless

44
Q

dynamic posture

A

alignment of the body while in motion

45
Q

optimal movement

A

moving in a biomechanically efficient manner that maximizes muscle recruitment and minimizes risk of injury

46
Q

movement impairments

A

abnormal movement patterns that can indicate possible muscle imbalances or mobility limitation

47
Q

movement assessment

A

assessment of a client’s movement patterns and postural alignments during movement or activity; aka dynamic postural assessment

48
Q

muscle imbalance

A

altered length-tension relationships of muscles on each side of a joint

49
Q

performance assessment

A

to measure overall strength, muscular endurance, power and agility

50
Q

pes planus

A

collapsed arch of foot (flat feet)

51
Q

overactive

A

when elevated neural drive causes a muscle to be held in a chronic state of contraction

52
Q

underactive

A

when a muscle is experiencing chronic neural inhibition and limited neuromuscular recruitment

53
Q

static postural assessment

A

assessment that provides insight into deviations from optimal alignment of the body in standing posture

54
Q

anterior

A

front of the body

55
Q

posterior

A

back of the body

56
Q

kinetic chain checkpoints

A

5 areas of the body that are monitored during movement assessments and exercise. They are: foot/ankle, knees, LPHC, shoulders and head/neck

57
Q

anterior pelvic tilt

A

excessive forward rotation of the pelvis that results in greater lumbar lordosis

58
Q

knee valgus

A

knees collapse inward (knock knees) due to internal hip rotation and adduction; aka medial knee displacement, aka genu valgum

59
Q

knee varus

A

knees bow outward, aka bowlegged, aka genu varum

60
Q

pes planus distortion syndrome

A

postural syndrom characterized by flat feet, knee valgus, adducted and internally rotated hips

61
Q

lower crossed syndrome

A

postural syndrome characterized by anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis

62
Q

lordotic/lordosis

A

normal curvature of the cervical and lumbar spine regions creating concave portions of the spine

63
Q

upper cross syndrome

A

postural syndrome characterized by forward head and protracted shoulders

64
Q

overhead squat assessment (OHSA)

A

dynamic postural assessment, core stability, neuromuscular control of whole body during squatting motion

65
Q

single-leg squat assessment

A

dynamic postural assessment, lower extremity strength, balance and overall coordination in single-limb stance

66
Q

pushing assessment

A

challenges upper extremities and trunk during pushing movement to identify movement impairments and potential muscle imbalances

67
Q

pulling assessment

A

challenges upper extremities and trunk during pulling movement to identify movement impairments and potential muscle imbalances

68
Q

push-up test

A

performance assessment that measures muscular endurance of the upper extremities during pushing movement

69
Q

bench press strength assessment

A

designed to estimate the one-repetition maximum of the bench press exercise

70
Q

squat strength assessment

A

designed to estimate the 1-rep max of the squat exercise

71
Q

vertical jump assessment

A

designed to test maximal jump height and power of the legs

72
Q

lower extremities functional test (LEFT)

A

designed to test lateral speed and agility

73
Q

40-yard dash assessment

A

tests reaction capabilities, acceleration and max speed

74
Q

pro shuttle (5-10-5) assessment

A

tests lateral acceleration, deceleration agility and control

NASM (4 decks)

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