Section 4

Question 1

Gregor Mandel

Answer 1

By 1860’s, he came up with 3 basic laws of genetics.

Law of dominance, law of segregation, law of indépendant assortment

Question 2

Law of dominance

Answer 2

All individuals inherit 2 gene copies (alleles) for each trait. They get one from each parent. (Dominant/recessive)

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

Person’s genetic makeup. (BB)

Question 4

Hybrid

Answer 4

Heterozygous

Question 5

Phenotype

Answer 5

Person’s physical appearance. (Brown eyes)
Result of both genetics and environment. A person could have genetic potential to be tall, but poor diet during childhood results in a short adult.

Question 6

The law of segregation

Answer 6

During meiosis, the pairs of alleles separate. Each gamete only gets 1 allele for each trait.

Question 7

Punnet square

Answer 7

A chart used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring.

Question 8

P gen

Answer 8

Parent generation

Question 9

F1

Answer 9

Filial generation

Question 10

Eg of expected ratio of genotypes

Answer 10

1: 2: 1

RR. Rr. rr

Question 11

Eg of expected ratio for phenotypes

Answer 11

3:1
Red:yellow

Question 12

The law of indépendant assortment

Answer 12

A gamete can contain any possible combination of the parent alleles.

Question 13

Eg of law of independent assortment

Answer 13

A bird genotype for the beak and claw traits: BbCc.

It’s eggs can contain any of the 4 possible combinations of these alleles: BC Bc bC bc