Section 2: DNA structure

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Always has 2 strands- gene strand , complimentary strand
Each DNA strand is a chain of connected nucleotides

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

Has 3 parts- deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base

Question 3

Nitrogenous bases

Answer 3

Adenine- Thymine
Cytosine-Guanine
Hydrogen bonds between the base pairs/complimentary base pairs hold the strands together.

Question 4

Replication

Answer 4

A DNA molecule copies itself. DNA must replicate itself before a new cell can be made. All cells must have a complete set of DNA in order to live.

Question 5

Daughter DNA molecules

Answer 5

One “parent” DNA molecule creates 2 identical “daughter” DNA molecules.

Question 6

Human cells

Answer 6

46 chromosomes

Question 7

DNA molecule

Answer 7

Each chromosome contains one very long DNA molecule. Each DNA molecule can contain hundreds of thousands of genes.

Question 8

Human gamete

Answer 8

23 chromosomes

Question 9

Gene

Answer 9

Section of DNA that has the instructions on how to make a particular protein.

Question 10

Proteins

Answer 10

Essential to life
Some provide structure to our cells and bodies, other control metabolism. Together, all proteins determine all our traits

Question 11

Mutation

Answer 11

A change to a DNA molecule

If a gene changes, a protein was most likely altered, which in turn will change a trait.

Question 12

Causes of mutations

Answer 12

Chemicals, radiation, or viruses