Section 4

Question 1

or quartz (SiO2) is the most widely occurring of all minerals and it is found in most rocks. The most commonly occurring form is the sand found on beaches throughout the world. In the dry form, fine “…” constitutes a toxic hazard since its inhalation as airborne dust could give rise to silicosis.

Answer 1

Crystalline silica

Question 2

is a pulmonary fibrosis which is regarded as the most common and severe of all pneumoconioses

Answer 2

silicosis

Question 3

is encountered during many processes which use minerals e.g. quarrying and mining, brick, tile and refractory manufacture, pottery and ceramic, sandblasting, glass manufacture.

Answer 3

Silica

Question 4

(MMMF)

Answer 4

Machine made mineral fibre

Question 5

includes ceramic fibers, special purpose fibers and continuous filament fibers. The material is normally made from molten glass, rock or slag. The material exhibits good resistance to heat and chemicals and can be woven. It is therefore widely used in thermal and acoustic insulation of buildings and process plant and as structural fire protection in the form of rolls, slabs, blown cavity wall filling, plasterboard laminates and pipe insulation.

Answer 5

Machine made mineral fibre

Question 6

consists of mixtures of airborne gases and fine particles which if inhaled or swallowed may result in risks to health. The degree of risk will depend on: the composition of the fume, the quantity of fume in the air which is breathed, the duration of exposure.

Answer 6

welding fume

Question 7

Irritation of the Respiratory Tract: Metal Fume Fever: Pneumonia: Systemic Poisoning: Long Term or Chronic Effects:

Answer 7

The main health effects of welding fume

Question 8

can be liquids or solids at room temperature and are mainly used in the production of polyurethanes, foams, adhesives, varnishes and paints. the most serious problems associated with exposure to .. are those affecting the respiratory system. are widely recognised as one of the most common causes of occupational asthma.

Answer 8

Isocyanates

Question 9

is produced whenever the machining or cutting of wood takes place. The hazards associated with .. are mainly from inhalation and skin contact. The biological effects gives rise to many different symptoms, the nature of which depends on the quantity, and composition of the wood.

Answer 9

Wood dust

Question 10

The different drugs which are manufactured can give rise to different health effects. Allergic reactions: Vitamin deficiency: Fungal infections: Nitroglycerin: Tranquilizers:

Answer 10

pharmaceuticals

Question 11

Lubricating Oils: Gasoline: Gas oils, fuel oils: Aromatic extracts: Benzene:

Answer 11

Petroleum Products

Question 12

has long been associated with the dust induced lung disease ‘Pneumoconiosis’ and other illnesses such as work related ‘Emphysema’.

Answer 12

Coal Mining

Question 13

noise, vibration, radiation, heat stress, damp/humidity and changes in atmospheric pressure.

Answer 13

Mining can also present a range of physical hazards

Question 14

are present in small amounts within our bodies as essential elements and form an important part of our function. However if exposure to large quantities occurs then significant ill health effects can result. Cadmium chromium lead

Answer 14

Many hard metals

Question 15

The gaseous phase consists largely of the same gases found in air, such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour however small concentrations of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen are also present.

Answer 15

diesel exhaust

Question 16

Nanotechnology involves the precision-engineering of materials at the nanoscale 10-9-10-7 metres), at which point unique and enhanced properties can be utilised. These properties

Answer 16

Nanoparticles