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Physics > Section 4 > Flashcards

Section 4 Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

Principle of the conservation of energy

A

Energy can never be created nor destroyed- it’s only transferred from one form to another

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2
Q

Microphone

A

Sound-electrical-sound

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3
Q

Toy car batteries

A

Chemical-electrical-kinetic, heat, sound etc

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4
Q

Battery charger

A

Electrical-chemical

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5
Q

Crane

A

Chemical-kinetic-gravitational potential

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6
Q

Falling object

A

Grav potential-kinetic

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7
Q

Archer

A

Chemical-elastic potential

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8
Q

Bow/arrow

A

Elastic potential-kinetic

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9
Q

Thermal radiation

A

The transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves

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10
Q

Conduction

A

The process where vibrating particles pass on their extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles

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11
Q

Convection

A

When the more energetic particles move from the hotter region to the cooler region, and take their heat energy with them

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12
Q

Hotter objects…

A

Emit more radiation than they absorb as they cool down

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13
Q

Cooler objects

A

Absorb more radiation than they emit as they warm up

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14
Q

Loft insulation

A
  • fiberglass wool

- conduction and convection

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15
Q

Draught-proofing

A
  • strips of foam and plastic around doors

- convection

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16
Q

Cavity wall insulation

A
  • foam squirted into the gap between bricks

- convection, radiation

17
Q

Hot water tank jacket

A
  • fiberglass wool

- conduction, radiation

18
Q

Double glazing

A
  • two layers of glass with a narrow gap between them

- conduction, convection

19
Q

Thick curtains

A
  • cloth

- convection, conduction, radiation

20
Q

Work done

A

Energy transferred

21
Q

Power

A

The rate of doing work

22
Q

Non-renewable resources

A
  • coal
  • oil
  • natural gas
  • nuclear fuels
23
Q

Advantages of fossil fuels

A
  • releases lots of energy CHEAPLY
  • doesn’t rely on the weather
  • the stations already exist so we don’t need to build them
24
Q

Disadvantages- fossil fuels

A
  • release CO2 which contributes to global warming and climate change
  • releases sulfur dioxide (acid rain)
  • they’re finite
25
Q

Nuclear- energy transformations

A

Nuclear-hear-kinetic-electrical

26
Q

Nuclear power- disadvantages

A
  • expensive to build and maintain
  • take longer to start up
  • processing the uranium causes pollution
  • risk if radioactive leaks
  • decomissioning the power stations is expensive
27
Q

Nuclear- advantages

A
  • no greenhouse gases

- lots of uranium

28
Q

Wind- advantages

A
  • tough and reliable
  • free wind(!)
  • no polluting waste
  • renewable
29
Q

Wind- disadvantages

A
  • spoil view
  • noisy
  • sometimes there is not enough wind
  • expensive to set up
30
Q

Geothermal-advantages

A
  • free
  • renewable
  • no real environmental problems
31
Q

Solar-advantages

A
  • renewable
  • initially expensive but after that the energy is free
  • no pollution
32
Q

Wave-advantages

A
  • no pollution

* renewable

33
Q

Wave-disadvantages

A
  • spoil the view
  • hazard to boats
  • unreliable
  • initial costs are high
34
Q

Tidal barrages- energy transfers

A

Kinetic-electrical

35
Q

tidal barrages-advantages

A
  • no pollution
  • renewable
  • no fuel costs and minimal running costs
36
Q

tidal barrages- disadvantages

A
  • prevents free access by boats
  • spoil the view
  • alter the habitat of animals
  • initial costs are high
37
Q

hydroelectricity energy transfers

A

grav pot energy-kinetic-electrical

38
Q

hydroelectricity- advantages

A
  • renewable
  • no pollution
  • immediate response to increase demand
  • no fuel and running costs
39
Q

hydroelectricity- disadvantages

A
  • environmental impacts due to flooding valleys

- initial costs are high

Physics (10 decks)

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