Section 4 Flashcards
An 8-bit binary number. An IPv4 address consists of four octets separated by a dot.
Octet
A 32-bit number that defines the network address portion of an IPv4 address. It also identifies the of portion of the network address defines the host address.
Subnet mask
An IP address that is used to access the internet.
Public IP
An IP address that is used only on an internal network. These IP addresses do not go out on the internet.
Private IP
A feature that allows a device to automatically assign itself an IP address on the 169.254.0.0 network when a DHCP server or manual configuration is unavailable.
Automatic Private IP Addressing
(APIPA)
This address is reserved by each network interface card (NIC) and is used for testing purposes. It is also known as the home or localhost address.
Loopback address
The IP address used to send messages to all devices on the network. This is the last valid IP address on a network.
Broadcast address
The identifier (within the IP address) of a physical or logical location for a node on a network. This address is used for routing purposes to identify the network.
Network address
The process of dividing a large network into smaller networks.
Subnetting
Subnetting method in which each created subnet has an equal number of addresses.
Fixed-Length Subnet Mask
(FLSM)
Subnetting method in which each subnet can be a different size.
Variable-Length Subnet Mask
(VLSM)
A method for allocating IP addresses and for IP routing. CIDR notation is a simplified method of writing a network address with a slash followed by the number of bits in the network ID.
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
(CIDR)
The process used to determine the network address/ID.
ANDing
The process of combining two or more networks.
Supernetting
Because binary is a base-2 number system, binary numbers are expressed in terms of
Powers of two
Each hexadecimal value is equal to four bits; this is known as a
Nibble
In the subnet mask: The 1’s identify the
Network ID
Manages the assignment of IP addresses on the internet.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
In the subnet mask: The 0’s identify
Host ID
Each IP class has a reserved range for private IP addresses. This is due to the following two factors:
Each IP address on any network, including the internet, must be unique.
There is a finite number of IP addresses using IPv4.
This special address is also known as home or localhost. This address is reserved by each network interface card (NIC) and is used for testing purposes.
Loopback
127.0.0.1
Breaking a network into smaller networks (subnetting) provides some benefits including:
Increased security
Easier network management
Improved network performance
Separation of departments
Supernetting has many advantages including:
Reducing the size of routing tables.
Simplifying the network overview.
Decreasing CPU and RAM resources on the routers.
Improving network performance.
With this method of addressing, you manually configure IP information on each host.
Static addressing
Static addressing is best used in the following situations:
Networks with a small number of hosts.
Networks that do not change devices often.
Devices that must always have the same address (e.g., servers, printers, and routers). You assign permanent IP addresses to these devices.
The Windows function that provides DHCP autoconfiguration addressing.
Automatic Private IP Addressing
A protocol used to centrally manage the distribution of IP addresses within a network.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
A system that translates domain names into IP addresses, which computers can understand.
Domain Name System
(DNS)
A command that sends an ICMP echo request/reply packet to a remote host. A response from the remote host indicates that both hosts are correctly configured and a connection exists between them.
Ping
A protocol that hosts use to discover the MAC address of a device.
Address Resolution Protocol
(ARP)
Defines the range of IP addresses that the DHCP server can assign.
IP range
Defines the network ID and host ID.
Subnet mask
Identifies the IP addresses that the DHCP server will not assign.
IP exclusions
Are static IP addresses that are not dynamically assigned by the DHCP server.
IP reservations
Specifies the amount of time a DHCP lease is valid.
DHCP lease time
Defines the router that data packets leaving the network are sent to.
Default gateway
