Section 4 Flashcards
Who wrote Letters fron an American Farmer?
Crevecoeur
What is considered one of the earliest examples of American Exceptionalism in literature (guide)?
Letters from an American Farmer
What is the name of the farmer in Letters from an American Farmer?
James
Who are the Letters from an American Farmer written to?
British nobleman
What three places does James travel to in Letters?
Massachusetts, South Carolina, Pennsylvania
When did Crevecoeur first travel to North America?
1755
What originally brought Crevecoeur to North America?
He was a cartographer for the French Army
Where did Crevecoeur first live in the America?
New York
When did Creveceour become a naturalized citizen?
1765
What was Crevecoeur’s occupation in the US (after settled)?
farmer
When did Crevecoeur begin writing his letters?
Early 1770s
Why was Crevecoeur unable to return to France in 1778?
the British accused him of being a spy
When did Crevecoeur finally leave America?
1780
When did Crevecoeur publish his letters?
1782
When and where was a longer version of Crevecoeur’s letters published?
France, 1786
Where was Crevecoeur’s book least popular?
America
What three significant changes had occurred between the time that Creveceour left America and came back?
wife died, farm burned down, children resettled in Boston
What Letter from Creveceour is considered most famous?
III
What does Crevecoeur describe as the primary occupation of Americans?
farming
What does Crevecoeur claim is an economic result of most of America being farmers?
less class stratification
What does Crevecoeur say unites American colonists?
“silken bands of mild government”
Is Crevecoeur in favor of independence?
no
What does Crevecoeur call his idea of a “coherent and unified American identity?”
American Race
Where do some historians believe that the “melting pot” idea has its roots?
Letters from an American Farmer
What type of terrain does James discover in Massachusetts?
rocky
What city does James describe in his ninth letter?
Charlestown
What does Crevecoeur say. makes the soil fertile in south carolina?
The sweat and tears of enslaved workers
What city does Crevecoeur compare Charlestown to?
Lima
What three things was Spain associated with in English writing?
greed, cruelty, and improvidence
What does James do for the hanging man?
gives him water and leaves him
What does the hanging man ask for?
poison
What nation was Canassatego
Onodaga
Where was the original homeland of the Onodaga Nation?
upstate New York
What was another name for the Iroquois?
Haudenosaunee League
How many nations were originally a part of the Iroquois Confederacy?
Five
What was Canassatego’s role for the Haudenosaunee?
diplomate
Who did Canassatego negotiate with?
British
What was Canassatego primarily responsible for negotiating over?
Pennsylvania
Who originially owned the land that Canassatego was negotiating over?
Lenape (Delaware) tribe
How were the Lenape defrauded out of land?
officials used an unsigned deed to claim the land had been sold
Who was hurt in the Walking purchase of 1737?
Lenape tribe
Who was involved in the Lancaster Treaty in 1744?
Haudenosaunee
What land was sold as a part of the Lancaster Treaty?
parts of Virginia
What mismatch occurred because of the Lancaster Treaty?
Virginia thought they had been sold the land to the Ohio River, the Haudenosaunee thought they had sold the land only to the Shenandoah Valley
Who did Viriginia argue spoke for the Haudenosaunee in ceding land?
the Susquehanna (Virginia had an earlier treaty with them)
What two things does Canassatego say are dwindling in number because of white settlers?
land and deer
What does “Pen and Ink Work” refer to in Canassatego’s speech?
Lancaster Treaty
Where does Canassatego say his ancestors came from?
the ground
What four things does Canassatego say the Dutch brought with them to trade?
Awls, Knives, Hatchets, Guns
Who printed Canassatego’s speech early in his printing career?
Benjamin Franklin
What was Benjamin Franklin’s 1784 essay called?
Remarks Concerning the Savages of North-America
What league could have been political inspiration for the colonists?
Haudenosaunee
Who from the guide has an unknown name and birthyear?
James Logan
What group was James Logan a leader of?
Seneca-Cayuga
What event does Logan describe in his speech?
Yellow River Massacre
Where did the Yellow River Massacre take place?
Ohio River in West Virginia
what relation of Logan was killed in the Yellow River massacre?
pregnant sister
Who was Logan summoned to negotiate with?
Lord Dunmore
What was the name of the husband of Logan’s sister?
John GIbson
What did John Gibson do for Logan?
translate
When did Logan’s speech first appear in print?
1775
In what newspaper did Logan’s speech first appear?
Pennsylvania Journal
Where did Jefferson publish Logan’s speech?
Notes on the State of Virginia
Why does Jefferson use Logan’s speech?
He says it shows oratorical and rhetorical artistry
What two Greek orators does Jefferson compare Logan to?
Demosthenes and Cicero
Who does Jefferson claim that American Indians are equal to in their capacity for civilization?
Greeks
What claim from Logan’s speech does Logan use against him?
They are disappearing
Who was the first African-American woman to publish a book of poetry?
Phillis Wheatley
Where was Wheatley born (2)?
West Africa or Senegal
Who purchased Phillis Wheatley?
John Wheatley
Who was John Wheatley’s wife?
Susanna
What was Wheatley’s first poem?
Elegy for George Whitefield
When did Wheatley travel to London?
1773
Who did Wheatley travel to London with?
John Wheatley’s son
What was Wheatley’s first book called?
Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral
When was Wheatley’s first book published?
1773
What two poems from the guide did Wheatley write?
“On Being Brought from Africa to America” and “To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth”
Who was on the cover of Wheatley’s first book?
Wheatley
Who made the etching on Wheatley’s book?
Scipio Moorhead
When was Wheatley emancipated?
1774
When did Wheatley write a poem for Washington?
1775
In what magazine was Wheatley’s poem about Washington written?
Pennsylvania Magazine
Why was the second volume of Wheatley’s work never published?
she never received the funds
Who did Wheatley marry in 1778?
John Peters
How many children did Wheatley have?
3
How did Wheatley die?
giving birth
Where was Wheatley buried?
Boston
Why was Wheatley celebrated as a black writer?
intellectual and artistic capacity
Why was Wheatley’s poetry first promoted?
It advocated for Christianity
Why did Wheatley’s poetry remain unstudied for so long?
she does not make an explicit argument against slavery
What biblical figure does Wheatley reference in “On Being Brought”?
Cain
Who did Wheatley write To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth for?
William Legge
What role did William legge serve in?
Secretary of State
What does Wheatley’s poem praise Legge for?
accommodating American demands
What is the American Paradox that Wheatley references?
contradiction between political rhetoric of the revolution and the use of slavery
Who was called the “poet of the revolution”?
Philip Freneau
Where was Freneau born?
New York City
Where did Freneau attend college?
College of New Jersey (Princeton)
Who did Freneau attend college with?
James Madison
Where did Freneau go at the beginning of the revolution?
West Indies
What group did Freneau join on his return to North America in 1778?
New Jersey militia
What poem did Freneau write about his experience in the New Jersey militia?
The British Prison Ship
When was Freneau’s complete poetry published?
1786
When was Freneau’s complete prose published?
1788
What newspaper was Freneau the editor of?
National Gazette
Who established the National Gazette?
Jefferson
Between what years was the National Gazette published?
1791-1793
For what purpose was the National Gazette established?
to criticize the Federalist Party
Who was especially targeted by the National Gazette?
Alexander Hamilton
Besides his political poetry, what topic did Freneau focus on?
natural world
When was “On the Emigration to America and Peopling the Western Country written?
1785
When was The Indian Burying Ground written?
1788
What rhythm did Wheatley’s poetry have?
iambic pentameter
What two poetic modes does Wheatley use?
ode and elegy
What rhythm does Freneau use?
iambic tetrameter
What poetic rhythm was most popular in the eighteenth century?
iambic pentameter
