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11th Grade US History > Section 37.10-37.17 > Flashcards

Section 37.10-37.17 Flashcards

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1
Q

Date RIchard Nixon was inaugurated. He urged the American people, torn with dissension over Vietnam and race relations, to stop shouting at one another.

A

January 20, 1969

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2
Q

Asset Nixon brought into the White House, used to put America’s foreign-policy house in order.

A

Broad knowledge and thoughtful expertise in foreign affairs.

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3
Q

President Nixon’s plan to quiet the uproar over Vietnam?

A

Vietnamization.

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4
Q

What is Vietnamization?

A

Vietnamization was the military plan launched by Richard Nixon in 1969. The plan reduced the number of American combat troops in Vietnam and left more of the fighting to the South Vietnamese troops, who were supplied with American armor, tanks and weapons.

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5
Q

Number of troops the Vietnamization plan would remove from Vietnam?

A

540,000

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6
Q

What is the Nixon doctrine?

A

The Nixon Doctrine was President Nixon’s plan for peace with honor in Vietnam. The doctrine stated that the United States would honor its existing defense commitments but in the future countries would have to fight their own wars.

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7
Q

What is a dove?

A

An American that demanded a withdrawal of US troops from Vietnam that was prompt, complete, unconditional, and irreversible.

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8
Q

What was Nixon’s silent majority?

A

Nixon administration’s term to describe generally content, law-abiding, middle-class Americans who supported both the Vietnam War and American’s institutions.

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9
Q

What Vice President Agnew called the doves when defending the Vietnam War?

A

Nattering nabobs of negativism.

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10
Q

What President Nixon called student antiwar demonstrators?

A

Bums

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11
Q

Because draft policies largely exempted college students and men with critical civilian skills, the armed forces in Vietnam were largely composed of..

A

Least privileged young Americans

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12
Q

Especially in the war’s early stages, ____________ were disproportionately represented in the army and accounted for a disproportionately high share of combat fatalities.

A

African-Americans

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13
Q

Term used to describe US soldiers who murdered their own officers with fragmentation grenades?

A

Fragging.

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14
Q

Village that was the scene of a military assault on March 16, 1968 in which American soldiers murdered hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians?

A

My Lai

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15
Q

Commander of the My Lai massacre in which US soldiers murdered unarmed Vietnamese civilians, mostly women and children.

A

2nd Lieutenant William Calley

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16
Q

On April 23, 1971, ______ veterans threw away their Purple Hearts, Bronze Stars, Silver Stars, and other military honors in front of the US Capital in protest against a war they no longer could support.

A

800

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17
Q

For several years the North Vietnamese and Vietnam Congress had been using ___________ bordering South Vietnam on the west as a springboard for troops, weapons, and supplies.

A

Cambodia

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18
Q

On April 29, 1970, _________ ordered American forces to join with South Vietnamese in cleaning out the enemy sanctuaries in officially neutral Cambodia

A

Nixon

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19
Q

Scene of massacre of four college students by National Guardsmen on May 4, 1970. The students were protesting Nixon’s announcement to expand the Vietnam War into Cambodia?

A

Kent State University

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20
Q

Scene in which two students were killed protesting the Vietnam War and the recent killing of protestors at another university?

A

historically black Jackson State College in Mississippi

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21
Q

In 1970, the Senate but not the House overwhelmingly repealed the ____________ blank check that Congress had given Johnson in 1964.

A

Gulf of Tonkin

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22
Q

Fueled the fires of antiwar discontent in June 1971, when a former Pentagon official leaked to the New York Times the _________________.

A

Pentagon Papers

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23
Q

Secret US government report detailing early planning and policy decisions regarding the Vietnam War under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson. Leaked to the New York Times in 1971, it revealed instances of governmental secrecy, lies and incompetence in the procession of the war.

A

Pentagon Papers

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24
Q

Nixon pursued a diplomatic initiative with __________ and ___________. The two great communist powers were clashing bitterly over their rival interpretations of Marxism.

A

China and the Soviet Union

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25
Q

Nixon’s pursue of a diplomatic initiative with China and the Soviet Union was reinforced by his national security adviser.

A

Henry Kissinger

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26
Q

National security adviser and Secretary of State during the Nixon and Ford administrations. He was responsible for negotiating an end to the Yom Kippur War as well as the Treaty of Paris that led to a cease-fire in Vietnam in 1973.

A

Henry Kissinger

27
Q

Henry Kissinger, the former Harvard professor, had begun meeting secretly on Nixon’s behalf with _______________ officials in Paris to negotiate an end to the war.

A

North Vietnamese

28
Q

Nixon accepted an invitation from Communist China to visit China in 1972. The capped his visit with the __________________ in which the two nations agreed to normalize their relationship.

A

Shanghai Communique

29
Q

An important part of the Shanghai Communique was America’s acceptance of a “one-China” policy. What does one-China mean?

A

One-China implies a lessened American commitment to the independence of Taiwan.

30
Q

After visiting Communist China, Nixon visited the Soviet Union in May 1972. The Soviets, hungry for American foodstuffs and alarmed over the possibility of intensified rivalry with an American backed China were ready to deal. Nixon’s visits ushered in an era of ____________.

A

Detente

31
Q

From the French for “reduced tension,” the period of COld War thawing when the United States and the Soviet Union negotiated reduced armament treaties under Presidents Nixon, Ford and Carter. Replaced the policies of proportional response, mutually assumed destruction and containment.

A

Detente

32
Q

Anacronym SALT stands for…Series of arms reduction negotiations aimed at freezing the number of long range nuclear missiles over 5 years.

A

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

33
Q

____________ was the first American president ever to visit mainland China while in office, and his pursuit of normal diplomatic relations with the ruling Communist regime ended 23 years of formalized hostility between the United States and the People’s Republic.

A

Nixon

34
Q

Nixon opposed the election of Marxist ____________ to the President of Chile. When he was killed in 1973 during a military uprising, the United States quickly supported his predecessor, ______________________.

A

Salvador Allende

General Augusto Pinochet

35
Q

In _______________, the Court struck down a state law that prohibited the use of contraceptives, even among married couples.

A

Griswold v Connecticut

36
Q

Supreme Court Chief Justice during the Nixon administration.

A

Chief Justice Earl Warren

37
Q

In ___________________ the Court upheld that all criminal defendants were entitled to legal counsel, even if they were too poor to afford it.

A

Gideon v Wainwright

38
Q

Two cases that ensured the right of the accused to remain silent and enjoy other protections.

A

Escobedo and Miranda

39
Q

A statement of an arrested person’s constitutional rights, which police officers must read during an arrest. The warning came out of the Supreme Court’s decisions that accused people have the rights to remain silent, consult an attorney and enjoy other protections.

A

Miranda warning

40
Q

Two court decisions, the justices argued that the First Amendment’s separation of church and state meant that public schools could not require prayer or Bible reading.

A

Engel v Vitale

School District of Abington Township v Schempp

41
Q

Became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1969. He was responsible for bringing the Court somewhat back to the right after the Earl Warren years. He presided over major cases involving abortion, affirmative action, the death penalty and school desegregation.

A

Warren Burger

42
Q

The Burger Supreme Court produced the most controversial judicial opinion of modern times, ________________ which legalized abortion.

A

Roe v Wade

43
Q

Surprisingly, Nixon presided over significant expansion of the ___________ programs that conservative Republicans routinely denounced. He approved increased appropriations for entitlements like Foods Stamp, Medicaid and Aid to Families with Dependent Children.

A

Welfare

44
Q

What is the Philadelphia Plan?

A

Program established by Nixon to require construction trade unions to work toward hiring more black apprentices. The plan altered Johnson’s concept of affirmative action to focus on groups rather than individuals.

45
Q

The Supreme Court backed the Philadelphia Plan. In __________________ the justices prohibited intelligence tests or other devices that had the effect of excluding minorities or women from certain jobs.

A

Griggs v Duke Power Co.

46
Q

A governmental agency created by Nixon to protect the environment.

A

EPA, Environmental Protection Agency

47
Q

A governmental organization signed into law by Nixon designed to regulate pollution, emissions, and other factors that negatively influence the natural environment. The creation marked a new found commitment by the federal government to actively combat environmental risks and was a significant triumph for the environmental movement.

A

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

48
Q

American conservationist whose 1962 book Silent Spring galvanized the modern environmental movement that gained significant traction in the 1970s.

A

Rachel Carson

49
Q

Day launched in April 1970 that is an international day of celebration and awareness of global environmental issues to raise awareness and to encourage leaders to act.

A

Earth Day

50
Q

Agency dedicated to improving working conditions, preventing work-related accidents and deaths, and issuing safety standards.

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

51
Q

Agency that holds companies accountable for selling dangerous products.

A

Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)

52
Q

Nixon stunned the world by taking the United States off the gold standard and devaluing the dollar. This move effectively ended the ______________system of international currency stabilization that had functioned for more than a quarter century after World War II.

A

Bretton Woods

53
Q

Nixon’s reelection campaign strategy designed to appeal to conservative whites in the historically Democratic South. The president stressed law and order issues and remained noncommittal on civil rights. This strategy typified the regional split between the two parties as white southerners became increasingly attracted to the Republican Party.

A

Southern Strategy

54
Q

Democratic nominee in 1972. South Dakota senator who lost in a landslide election to Richard Nixon in 1972. He eventually lost his Senate seat in the conservative revolution that swept Ronald Reagan into the White House in 1980.

A

George McGovern

55
Q

George McGovern’s vice presidential nominee who had undergone psychiatric care including electroshock therapy. He was forced from the ticket and virtually doomed the Democrats hopes of recapturing the White House.

A

Thomas Eagleton

56
Q

For Nixon’s reelection, he carried every state except for ________________ and _______________.

A

Massachusetts and District of Columbia

57
Q

The ruler of Cambodia during the Vietnam War. A murderous tyranny that killed more than 2 million of his own people. Forced from power, ironically enough, only by a full dress Vietnamese invasion in 1978.

A

Pol Pot

58
Q

Congressional act, passed over Nixon’s veto, limiting the presidential war-making powers.

A

War Powers Act

59
Q

Law passed by Congress limiting the president’s ability to wage war without congressional approval. The act required the president to notify congress within 48 hours of committing troops to a foreign conflict. An important consequence of the Vietnam War, this piece of legislation sough to reduce the president’s unilateral authority in military matters.

A

War Powers Act

60
Q

The War Powers Act was but one manifestation of what came to be called the __________, a mood of caution and restraint in the conduct of the nation’s foreign affairs after the bloody and futile misadventure in Vietnam.

A

New Isolationism

61
Q

War in 1973 between the Syrians/Egyptians and Israel. Soviet Union backed Syria and Egypt while United States backed Israel. Ended with Israel aggressively turning the tide and threatened Cairo before American diplomacy brought about an uneasy cease-fire.

A

Yom Kippur War

62
Q

America’s policy of backing Israel against its oil-rich neighbors exacted a heavy penalty. In late October 1973, ________ announced an embargo on oil shipments to the United States and several European allies supporting Israel. Resulted in the energy crisis.

A

OPEC nations

63
Q

In response to the OPEC embargo, the UNited States took the lead and formed the ________________ as a counterweight to OPEC and instituted a national speed limit of 55 miles per hour to conserve fuel.

A

International Energy Agency

64
Q

Four issues dominate historical discussions of the 1960s. They are…

A
  1. Civil rights
  2. Great Society’s War on poverty
  3. Vietnam War
  4. The antiwar movement and emergence of the counterculture

11th Grade US History (2 decks)

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