Section #3 Review

Question 1

How should an eccentric muscle action be described?

Answer 1

Muscle tension during LENGTHENING of the contractile tissue.

Question 2

Which of the following conditions would produce nutritional ketosis in the body?

Answer 2

A very low-carbohydrate diet.

Question 3

Which type of exercise accommodates effort whereby the harder the individual pushes or pulls, the more resistance they feel, despite the movement speed remaining constant?

Answer 3

Isokinetic

Question 4

Along with muscle protein synthesis, which of the following is an important function of PROTEIN?

Answer 4

Synthesis of hormones, tissues, organs, enzymes, and peptides.

Question 5

Pronation of the foot describes what multiplanar movements?

Answer 5

Ankle Abduction, Dorsiflexion, Eversion

Question 6

Which type of lipids are considered to be heart-healthy and associated with reduced inflammation?

Answer 6

Omega - 3 Fatty Acids

Question 7

The difference between the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes is referred to as what?

Answer 7

Stroke Volume

Question 8

How much fluid is recommended for rehydration after an intense training session or event?

Answer 8

1.25 times the amount of body weight lost during the activity

Question 9

If someone went out for a 5-mile jog with their friend, which energy system would provide most of the ATP for this activity?

Answer 9

Oxidative Phosphorylation (Only the oxidative phosphorylation system has the capacity to produce enough ATP for longer-duration activities.)

Question 10

Which of the following would occur during intermittent exercise?

Answer 10

All three energy systems would be used at some point during the activity.

Question 11

During a squat, the lowering phase would be described as what type of muscle action?

Answer 11

Eccentric (The lowering phase of a squat is eccentric; whereas, raising up from the lowering phase is concentric.)

Question 12

At what age is the adolescent brain considered to be fully developed?

Answer 12

30

Question 13

A person walks differently when they move from a sidewalk onto the sand. This is regulated by what function?

Answer 13

Motor Function (Motor function is the body’s response to integrated sensory information via the efferent pathway)

Question 14

What is a primary difference between a food label and a supplement label?

Answer 14

A supplement label only needs to list what is present, not specific amounts like a food label.

Question 15

Which of the following is a major nutritional contributor to muscle protein synthesis (MPS)?

Answer 15

The 9 Essential Amino Acids.

Question 16

What is the resting metabolic rate (RMR)?

Answer 16

RMR is the number of calories that the body uses at rest to function.

Question 17

Which system supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body?

Answer 17

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 18

What is the term for the higher-than-normal energy expenditure during the recovery period after exercise?

Answer 18

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption

Question 19

Which of the following is a component of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)?

Answer 19

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

Question 20

Omega-3 fatty acids do not include which of the following fatty acids?

Answer 20

Palmitic Acid

Includes: DHA, ALA, EPA

Question 21

In what plane of movement do shoulder HORIZONTAL adduction and abduction occur?

Answer 21

Tranverse

Question 22

Which plane of movement can be described as an imaginary line that bisects the body into right and left sides?

Answer 22

Sagittal

Question 23

Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to the body?

Answer 23

Left Ventricle (A before V)

Question 24

What term is used to describe the concept of how the functioning of one body segment can impact other areas of the body?

Answer 24

Regional Interdependence

Question 25

What area of the chest contains the heart?

Answer 25

Mediastinum

Question 26

What structure in the heart transfers the electrical signal from the sinoatrial (SA) node to the atrioventricular (AV) node?

Answer 26

Internodal Pathway

Question 27

What best describes an essential amino acid?

Answer 27

Must be obtained by diet, cannot be produced by the body.

Question 28

What are the two categories of bone markings?

Answer 28

Depressions and Processes

Question 29

What measurement is dependent upon the length of the lever arm and the angle between the force application and the lever arm?

Answer 29

Torque

Question 30

What is the concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement?

Answer 30

Kinetic Chain

Question 31

Which of the following nutrition professionals is nationally recognized by the Commission on Dietetic Registration to provide clinical, community, food service, and nutrition education?

Answer 31

Registered Dietitian Nutritionists

Question 32

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clotting mechanisms?

Answer 32

Platelets

Question 33

Overactive hip flexors may lead to which of the following postural compensations?

Answer 33

Anterior Tilting of the pelvis and increased low - back arch.

Question 34

Which of the following is a banned substance in the United States?

Answer 34

DMAA

Question 35

Which of the following would be a helpful and sustainable strategy for achieving a moderate calorie deficit for fat loss?

Answer 35

Replacing high calorie foods with leaner substitutes.

Question 36

What is a characteristic of a type II muscle fiber?

Answer 36

``` Fewer Capillaries Larger in Size More Force Produced Quick to Fatigue Short Term Contractions "Fast Twitch" ```

Question 37

What are nonessential amino acids?

Answer 37

11 | Can be synthesized by the body if overall nutrition intake is adequate.

Question 38

Which component contributes the most to total energy expenditure?

Answer 38

Resting Metabolism

Question 39

What type of vessel is responsible for carrying blood back to the heart?

Answer 39

Veins

Question 40

Which of the following foods is the most likely to be a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer 40

Salmon

Question 41

Catecholamines are responsible for which of the following actions?

Answer 41

Increased Lipolysis

Question 42

What is the name for projections protruding from the bone to which tendons and ligaments attach?

Answer 42

Processes

Question 43

Which part of a cell is responsible for using nutrients to create energy for the cell?

Answer 43

Mitochondria

Question 44

How are dietary supplements defined?

Answer 44

Regulated dietary materials used to increase intake of a desired nutritional component

Question 45

Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in the United Kingdom?

Answer 45

EFSA

Question 46

What are the three branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)?

Answer 46

Isoleucine, Leucine, Valine

Question 47

Which type of joint includes the sutures of the skull?

Answer 47

Nonsynovial

Question 48

At what age is the adolescent brain considered to be fully developed?

Answer 48

25

Question 49

The cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to remove what waste product?

Answer 49

Carbon Dioxide

Question 50

Which mechanoreceptor is sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of that tension change, causing the muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from excessive stress and possible injury?

Answer 50

Golgi Tendon Organs

Question 51

What movement term is used to describe the concept of adducting the shoulder blades so that they become closer together?

Answer 51

Scapular Retraction

Question 52

Which of the following is IRON considered to be?

Answer 52

Trace Mineral

Question 53

What are triglycerides?

Answer 53

Stored form of fat.

Question 54

What are the three types of muscles in the body?

Answer 54

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Question 55

The most well-known and well-researched effect of omega-3 fats relates to which of the following?

Answer 55

Heart Health (Help reduce risk of heart disease)

Question 56

Vitamin K supplements should be avoided by those taking which type of medication?

Answer 56

Anticoagulants (Warfarin)

Question 57

Which term describes the movement of bones, such as flexion and extension?

Answer 57

Osteokinematics

Question 58

Which term describes the movement of joints?

Answer 58

Arthrokinematics

Question 59

Which of the following is magnesium classified as?

Answer 59

Macromineral So are: Calcium, Chloride, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Sulfur.

Question 60

Which of the following muscles are responsible for normal resting state (quiet) breathing?

Answer 60

Diaphragm

Question 61

What muscle is used for heavy breathing?

Answer 61

Scalenes

Question 62

What muscles are responsible for expiration?

Answer 62

Abdominals & Intercostals

Question 63

Weight-bearing exercise helps strengthen bones through what process?

Answer 63

Remodeling

Question 64

What effect would sleep deprivation have on growth hormone and cortisol levels?

Answer 64

Inadequate sleep will decrease growth hormone and increase cortisole levels.

Question 65

How many B vitamins are there?

Answer 65

8

Question 66

What is the high-energy compound used by the body to do work?

Answer 66

ATP

Question 67

What types of foods provide all the essential amino acids?

Answer 67

Animal Proteins

Question 68

If someone engages in a short, intense burst of activity lasting less than 30 seconds, which energy system will contribute the most to ATP production?

Answer 68

ATP - PC System (system is exhausted in less than a minute.)

Question 69

According to current research, what is the optimal range of daily protein intake to maximize muscle protein synthesis?

Answer 69

1.6 to 2.2 g/kg of body weight

Question 70

Ergogenic aids are typically consumed for what purpose?

Answer 70

To improve athletic performance and/or body composition.

Question 71

Which of the following would be an example of nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)?

Answer 71

Cleaning the house.

Question 72

Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex?

Answer 72

Lateral Subsystem

Question 73

Which division of the skeleton is made up of the arms, legs, and pelvic girdle?

Answer 73

Appendicular

Question 74

When ADP is converted to ATP, what is this process called?

Answer 74

Phosphorylation

Question 75

Why is nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) important?

Answer 75

Protective against obesity. (increases total daily caloric expenditure, which can be protective against a positive energy balance, which could lead to obesity over time)

Question 76

When a person loses body weight, what is the only way that mass is lost?

Answer 76

As exhaled carbon dioxide.

Question 77

Which is very important as a prenatal vitamin?

Answer 77

Folate (B9)

Question 78

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygenated blood throughout the body?

Answer 78

Red Blood Cells

Question 79

What is the purpose of the Current Good Manufacturing Practices?

Answer 79

Provide guidelines to help ensure quality and purity of products.

Question 80

What is credible nutrition information?

Answer 80

Info that is rooted in and supported by science.

Question 81

During a squat, the lowering phase would be described as what type of muscle action?

Answer 81

Eccentric

Question 82

Which type of muscle fiber has a large number of capillaries?

Answer 82

Type 1

Question 83

What are the components of ATP?

Answer 83

Adenine, Ribose, 3 Phosphate Groups

Question 84

What are the components of ATP?

Answer 84

Adenine, Ribose, 2 Phosphate Groups

Question 85

Extreme dietary restrictions may increase risk for what?

Answer 85

Vitamin and mineral deficiencies.

Question 86

During a squat, which muscle group isometrically contracts to prevent unnecessary thigh movement in the frontal plane?

Answer 86

Hip Abductors

Question 87

Movement represents the integrated functioning of which three main body systems (HMS)?

Answer 87

Muscular, Skeletal, Nervous

Question 88

What surrounds the skeletal muscles and connects them to other surrounding muscles?

Answer 88

Fascia

Question 89

What connects bones to bones?

Answer 89

Ligaments

Question 90

What connects muscles to bones?

Answer 90

Tendons

Question 91

If someone specifically wanted to burn a lot of fat (not necessarily total calories), what type of exercise should they do?

Answer 91

Low to moderate intensity exercise for 30 to 60 minutes.

Question 92

What is the main fuel for high intensity exercise?

Answer 92

Glucose