Section 3 - Liberal thinkers and their ideas Flashcards
Name 5 key thinkers of Liberalism
- John Stuart Mill
- John Rawls
- John Locke
- Mary Wollstonecraft
- Betty Freidan
What was John Stuart Mill’s view on human nature?
Though rational, human nature is forever progressing
What is John Rawls’ view on human nature?
Mankind is selfish yet empathetic valuing individual liberty and the people around them
What is John Locke’s view on human nature?
Human beings are rational, guided by the pursuit of self-interest, mindful of other concerns
What is Mary Wollstonecraft’s view on human nature?
Rationalism defines both genders intellectually, men and women are not different
What is Betty Freidan’s view on human nature?
Has always evolved in a way that discouraged the self advancement of women
Who states that the State ‘must be representative, based on the consent of the people’?
John Locke
Who states that the State ‘should legislate to protect against discrimination’?
Betty Friedan
Who states that The state should ‘enable less fortunate individuals to advance via public spending’?
John Rawls
Who states the state ‘which is monarchical should be replaced by a republic that enshrines women’s rights’?
Mary Wollstonecraft
What is John Stuart Mill’s view on society?
Best society equals individuality that coexists with tolerance and self improvement
What is the tolerance/harm principle?
The idea that individuals should tolerate the ideas of others until it infringes with their freedom
What is John Rawls’ view on society?
Individuals would choose a society that improved the poorest conditions
What is John Locke’s view on society?
There are natural societies with natural ‘laws’ and ‘rights’ that predate the state
What is Mary Wollstonecraft’s view on society?
Society ‘infantilised’ women, stifling women’s individualism
What is Betty Friedan’s view on society?
It has remained chauvinistic against women, yet women are complicit in their repression
Who states that the with the economy, ‘free-market capitalism enhances the position of the poorest?
John Rawls
Who states that with the economy, a ‘free-market economy would be energised by the enterprise of liberated women’?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Who states that ‘Laissez-faire Capitalism is vital to progress of individual enterprise and initiative’?
John Stuart Mill
Who states that state policies on the economy should respect the ‘natural right’ to private ownership?
John Locke
What was Mary Wollstonecraft’s view on reason?
Women are rational and independent beings capable of reason
What was John Locke’s view on the government?
Limited government - the government should be limited and based on consent from below
Why was Mary Wollstonecraft’s view on equality?
Formal equality - in order to be free, women should enjoy full civil liberties and be allowed to have a career
What is John Stuart Mill’s harm principle?
Individuals should be free to do anything except harm others
What is John Stuart Mill’s view on Tolerance?
He believed that the popularity of a view does not necessarily make it correct.
What is John Locke’s Social Contract Theory?
Society, state and government are based on a theoretical voluntary agreement
What is the Theory of Justice?
The opinion that society must be just and guarantee each citizen a life worth living
Who came up with the Theory of Justice?
John Rawls
What is the Veil of Ignorance, and who came up with it?
- A hypothetical scenario where individuals agree on the type of society they want from a position where they lack knowledge of their own position in society
- John Rawls
What does Betty Friedan say about Legal Equality?
Women are as capable as men and oppressive laws and social views must be overturned
What does Betty Friedan say about Equal Opportunity?
Women are being held back from their potential because of the limited number of jobs that are ‘acceptable’ for women
Who are the Classical Liberal thinkers?
- John Locke
- John Stuart Mill
- Mary Wollstonecraft
Who are the Modern Liberal Thinkers?
- John Rawls
- Betty Friedan
- T.H. Green
Who came up with the Enabling State?
John Rawls
Who came up with the Harm Principle?
John Stuart Mill
Who believes in the Minimal state?
John Locke
