Section 3: Flight Restrictions Flashcards
What are the 4 types of Air Space?
1) controlled
2) uncontrolled
3) special use
4) other
Define: Special Use Air Space
Special use airspace are areas where operations are occurring that would impose limitations on non-participating aircraft
Special use airspace are often what in nature?
Military Operations
Special Use Airspace Includes: (6)
1) prohibited areas
2) restricted areas
3) warning areas
4) alert areas
5) military operation area (MOA)
6) controlled firing area
What does the acronym MOA stand for?
Military Operation Area
What are the rules associated with Prohibited & Restricted Areas?
No person may operate a sUAS in prohibited or restricted areas unless that person has permission from the controlling agency, as appropriate.
Why are prohibited areas established?
In the interest of national security and welfare
What are the Altitude parameters associated with prohibited areas?
Prohibited areas begin at the surface and have defined altitude parameters
How can prohibited areas be found on aeronautical VFR chart?
They are to found on a nautical chart with a “P”, followed by a #
How quickly can the restrictions change in a prohibited or restricted area?
Very short notice
Define: Restricted Areas
Restricted areas or areas where flight of aircraft, while not wholly prohibited, are subject to restrictions
What do restricted areas include?
- denotes the existence of unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft:
1) Aerial Gunnery
2) Guided Missiles
3) Artillery Fire
Entrance into restricted areas may be:
Extremely hazardous
How are restricted areas depicted on aeronautical charts?
With a hashed blue line and labeled with a “R”, followed by a #
Define: Warning Areas
Warning areas are similar in nature to restricted areas, but airspace covers international waters
How far off the coast do warning areas extend?
12 Nautical Miles
Can warning areas be located over domestic waters?
Yes, warning areas may be located over international waters, domestic waters, or both.
Define: Alert Areas
Areas that may contain a high volume of pilot training or unusual aerial activity. Exercise caution.
Who is responsible for collision avoidance in alert areas?
All aircraft are equally responsible for collision avoidance in alert areas.
How are alert areas depicted on the aeronautical map?
The air space is designated with a “A”, followed by a #
Define: Military Operations Area (MOA)
MOA’s separate certain military training activities from IFR Traffic
Are there any restrictions or requirements for VFR aircraft in MOA Areas?
No, however, sUAS should still exercise extreme caution
How can you determine if a MOA is active?
Contact flight service
Are MOA’s called out on the Aeronautical charts?
Yes
What are the activities included in MOA Areas?
1) Air Combat Activities
2) Air Intercepts
3) Aerobatics
4) Low Altitude Tactics
What is included in Controlled Firing Areas?
They contain activities which could be hazardous to non-participating aircraft.
What are participants required to do when aircraft approaches a controlled firing area?
Suspend activities when aircraft is approaching the area
Are controlled firing areas depicted on aeronautical charts?
No
Do nonparticipating aircraft need to change their flight path when they approach a controlled firing area?
No
What are the 5 types of “Other” Airspace?
1) Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR)
2) Military Training Route (MTR)
3) Parachute Jump Aircraft Operations
4) Published VFR Routes
5) National Security Areas
What does the acronym “TFR” Stand for?
Temporary Flight Restriction
What does the acronym “MTR” stand for?
Military Training Route
What does the acronym “NSA” stand for?
National Security Areas
Define: Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR)
A TFR is a regulatory action issued in a Flight Data Center (FDC) that gives a Notice To Airmen (NOTAM) that temporarily restricts aircraft operations within a defined area
What does the acronym “FDC” stand for?
Flight Data Center
What does the acronym “NOTAM” stand for?
Notice To Airmen
Are TFR’s impactful to sUAS Pilots?
Yes, very much so
Since what occurrence have TFR’s become much more common?
Sense 911
What can happen to a pilot if an incident occurs in a TFR area?
1) The pilot may undergo a security investigation
2) Certificate Suspension
Who’s responsibility is it to know about any TFR’s happening in their path of flight?
Pilots
Define: NOTAM
Notice containing information concerning the establishment, condition, or change of any component, service, procedure or hazard in the National Airspace System (NAS)
What does the acronym “NAS” stand for?
National Airspace System
What events might be listed on a NOTAM?
1) Presidential Visits
2) Vice President Visits
3) Aerial Demonstrations
4) Sporting Events
Where can NOTOM’s be found?
FAA’s Website
What are some reasons to establish a TFR?
1) To protect persons and property in the air or on the surface from an existing or eminent hazard.
2) To provide a safe environment for the operation of disaster relief aircraft.
3) To prevent an unsafe congestion of sight seeing aircraft above an incident or event.
4) Wildfires, Sporting events, Boston marathon
5) To protect the president, vice president, or other public figures.
6) To provide a safe environment for space agency operations.
Are uSAS Operations allowed in airspace restricted by NOTAM’s?
No, they are prohibited, unless authorized by the ATC or a certificate of waiver or authorization has been issued by FAA.
What phrase does all NOTAM’s begin with?
“FLIGHT RESTRICTIONS”
What 8 things do all NOTAM’s Include?
1) Location of the TFR Area
2) Effective Area
3) Defined Area
4) Altitudes Effected
5) FAA Coordination Facility & Phone #
6) Reason For TFR
7) Agency directing relief activities (if applicable)& phone #
8) Any Other information considered appropriate
What does the acronym “FSS” stand for?
Flight Service Station
Who is the official source for all NOTAM Information?
Flight Source Station (FSS)
What is the best source to find out about the most up-to-date information on any NOTAM’s in my area before pre-flight of my uSAS?
1-800-WX-BRIEF
What are 3 ways that you can search for a NOTAM For a specific geographic area?
1) Airport Identifier
2) Latitude & Longitude
3) Location Radius Search
What are the best web based sources for finding out information about NOTAM’s in my area?
1) TFR.FAA.GOV
2) SKYVECTOR.COM
As a sUAS Pilot, am I required to establish NOTAM’s for my flight operations?
No, it is no longer a requirement for commercial operators under part 107, but still good practice.
As a sUAS Pilot, if the need arises to establish a NOTAM, what would be the best way to do it?
1) By Phone: 1-800-4-US-NTMS
2) Online: 1800.WXBRIEF.COM
What does the acronym “MTR” stand for?
Military Training Route
Define: Military Training Routes (MTR)
It allows the military to conduct a low altitude, high speed training.
- with speeds of excess of 250 knots
What are the parameters for (MTR), using IFR?
They are routes that are above 1500 AGL
What are the parameters for (MTR), that are using VFR.
They are routes that are not above 1500’ AGL
How are MTR paths using IFR identified on the aeronautical map?
IFR Routes are identified with “IR”, followed by a number
How are MTR paths using VFR identified on aeronautical map?
VFR Routes are identified with “VR” followed by a number
Are MTR Routes off limits for the sUAS Pilot?
No, but you should exercise extreme caution when flying near these routes
Where would I find information about Parachute Jump Areas?
1) They are published in the chart supplement
2) The sites used frequently are shown on sectional charts
3) They are donoted with a small icon with a parachute
What are Published VFR Routes?
1) They are used to transition around, under or through certain complex air spaces
2) They can be found on the back of the VFR Terminal Area Planning Charts
What does the acronym “TRSA” Stand for?
Terminal Radar Service Area
Describe: Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSA)
1) areas where pilots can receive additional radar services to provide separation between IFR & Participating VFR Aircraft
2) Participating is not required for VFR Aircraft
What does the acronym “NSA” stand for?
National Security Area
Describe: National Security Areas
1) They are established where a requirement exists for increased security of ground facilities
2) Flights may be temporarily prohibited via NOTAM
3) pilots are requested to voluntarily avoid flying in these areas
What is true about Temporary Restricted Areas?
They are constantly changing, I am responsible for understanding where I am flying.
