section 3: CPR, AED and first aid Flashcards
1
Q
ABC
A
airway
breathing
circulation
2
Q
priorities when treating a casulty
A
emergency CPR management of choking control of life-threatening bleeding care of the unconscious breathing casulty treatment for shock medical attention
3
Q
chain of survival in life support
A
early recognition
early CPR
early defibrillation
post resuscitation care
4
Q
early recognition
A
implement your EAP, call for help and allert the emergency services ( particularly an ambulance) ASAP
5
Q
early CPR
A
when the heart stops beating or there is no normal breathing, start cpr
6
Q
post-resuctation care
A
includes various medical and paramedical procedures such as injecting drugs into a vein
7
Q
how to turn a casulty onto back.
A
turn head away. only keep arm closest to you up to protect head. put other arm down. roll over the casualty.
8
Q
managing regurgitation of stomach contents
A
turn casualty away rom you, resting them on your knees. clear any debris. continue CPR
9
Q
recovery position
A
with any normally breathing casulty ask if they are alright check for breathing arm at right angle hand on face arm down and roll leg for support tilt head
10
Q
what is asphyxia
A
suffocation when the body is deprived of oxygen
causes could be tongue, strangulation, drowning
11
Q
cardiac arrest
A
theres no circulation of blood so if abnormal breathing perform cpr
12
Q
airway management
A
head tilt and chin lift
13
Q
sequence of CPR
A
are you alright and shake shoulders head tilt and chin lift listen for breathing (look, listen and feel) put on pocket mask give 30 chest compressions give 2 rescue breaths repeat until AED continue CPR dont stop until casulty is fully awake, youre exhausted or a health professional tells you to. put casulty in CPR
14
Q
changes to CPR if they are drowning, a child, or infant
A
give 5 rescue breaths before starting CPR. then continue as normal. (this is inbetween putting on pocket mask and giving chest compressions
15
Q
priorities of first aid!!
A
preserve life
alleviate suffering
prevent the situation from getting worse
promote casulty recovery
16
Q
NOP relevant content to employer about first aid supplies and training
A
info on first aiders and their training
equipment (location, checking, stock control)
eye wash stations (locations)
sharps kit
links with emergency services
location of accident forms (who does it, location, recording, importance of accurate information,
17
Q
NOP relevant content to lifeguard about first aid supplies and training
A
follow training
inform designated officer what you used and what needs to be replaced
use any ppe equipment available
fill out an accident/incident form.
18
Q
contents of a first aid box 5
A
guidance leaflet contents list safety pins adhesive sterile dressings foil blanket
19
Q
when would you wear gloves
A
anytime they are available
20
Q
needles and sharps box
A
arrangements detailed in the PSOP
21
Q
history
A
what happened. ask casulty and bystanders
22
Q
symptoms
A
what the casulty tells you
23
Q
signs
A
what you can see, hear or feel
24
Q
applying first aid treatment
A
treat casulties with the most life threatening injuries firsrt. treat worst case scenario
25
consent to give first aid
wherever possible, always ask permission of casulty.
26
casulty management
primary survey and secondary survey
27
primary survery
DRABC
28
secondary survey
determing background to injury, asessing mechanics, looking for signs and determining symptoms. will be on NOP/EAP
29
unconscious casualty treatment
unable to give symptoms.
complete primary survey and CPR if needed
call 999
treat any major bleeding and remove or treat any obvious cause
loosen clothing
protect them from cold and wet conditions
recovery position
monitor conscious state and breathing
record any changes in condition every 10 mins
30
heart attack symptoms
dizziness, nausea
feeling of impending doom
rapid, weak or irregular pulse
31
heart attack signs
pale grey skin,
clutching chest
blue tinge to skin and lips
32
heart attack treatment
```
call 999
assist the casulty to sit comfortably
loosen clothing
ask casulty if they have medication
reassure them
remove any causes of stress or anxiety
monitor and perform CPR if they stop breathing
```
33
when is the only time you give medication
one 300mg asprin (crushed to chew) to those who have just had a heart attack
34
shock symptoms
dizziness
confusion
disorientation
35
shock signs
pale, cold, clammy skin
blueness of lips and extremities
unconsciousness
36
shock treatment
```
assist them to lie down
loosen clothing
treat cauase of shock
reassure them
keep them warm to prevent heat loss
monitor
no food or drink
call 999
```
37
asthma attack symptoms
breathing difficulties
| wheezing
38
asthma attack signs
anxiety
difficulty speaking
pale and clammy grey or blue lips
39
asthma attack treatment
```
reassure them
sit them comfortably
encourage them to use inhaler
should be used again if attack doesnt ease
do not go into cold air
```
40
anaphylaxis signs
swollem tongue
hoarse voice
difficulty swallowing
41
anaphylaxis symptoms
swelling of hands, feet, face or skin
red itchy skin
feeling of terror
42
anaphylaxis treatment
ask for their auto injector
self administer
call 999
if they feel faint lie them down with legs up
a second dose should be administered if there is no improvement in 5-10 minutes
give CPR if irregular breathing
43
checking medication
is it damaged
is it in date
is it correct and prescribed
44
EpiPen
swing from 10cm away and stab thigh
| hold for 3 seconds
45
Jext
push into thigh
| hold for 10 seconds
46
Emerade
push into thigh
| hold for 5 seconds
47
hyperventilation symptoms
dizziness or feeling faint
panic
tight chest
48
hyperventilation signs
unnaturally fast
| flushed skin
49
hyperventilation treatment
```
take to quiet area
reassure
encourage them to take slow breaths
give small sips of water
call 999 if prolonged
```
50
A child is
Up to the age of puberty
51
An infant js
First year of life
52
For child CPR what must you remember
To do 5 rescue breaths first and to use one hand
53
For infants what must you remember
To do 5 rescue breaths first and use 2 fingers or one hand
54
How deep do you do CPR
1/3 of the chest depth
55
In infants and children they might not be able to breathe if
Inhalation of stomach contents, regurgitation, foreign body.
Drowning
Infection
Injuries
56
What do you ask after assessing a non breathing non responsive casulty
I have a non breathing, non responsive casulty. Can you call an ambulance, get me a defib and I'm going to start CPR
57
What is drowning
Suffocation from drowning
58
How long can water entering the lungs have damage
72 hours
59
If you are on your own
If adult, get help straight away.
| If child or infant, give CPR for one minute then get for help
60
Problems with CPR
```
Tracheostomies
Regurgitation
Air in stomach
Broken ribs
Chest doesn't rise
Fluid in airway
CPR in confined spaces
```
61
Tracheostomies
A tube with a cover inserted in someone's neck,
62
How to carry out rescue breaths on someone with a tracheostomy
Remove stoma cover
Wipe any mucus
Close casulty mouth and nose
Blow through opening in neck using face masks plastic
63
Air in stomach
Head tilt and chin lift
64
If chest does not rise during CPR
Recheck for any visible obstruction
Recheck head tilt and chin lift
Do not attempt more than 2 breaths
65
Fluid in airway
Continue
66
Confined spaces
From the casultys head
67
Mouth to nose
When mouth seal can't be formed
68
Capillaries
Blood trickles out. Small cuts and grazes
69
Veins
Blood oozes out
70
Arteries
Blood spurts out, a severed artery can lead to significant and rapid blood loss leading to shock and death
71
Where do you apply dressings
Straight onto wound. If bleeding is controlled, then clean the wound and surrounding skin first.
72
What happens when something is sticking out of a wound
Never remove it. Apply pressure around it.
73
What do triangle bandages do
Make a sling, hold other bandages in place, peocide support and restrict movement
74
Types of wound and appearance
```
Bruise
Graze
Clean cut or slice
Tear or rip
Stabbing
Gun shot
```
75
Small cut treatmebt
Irrigate with water
| Dry with sterile dressing
76
Graze treatment
Irrigate with clean water
| Dry wound with a sterile dressing and apply an adhesive plaster or sterile dressing
77
Bruise treatment
Use an ice pack wrapped in a clean cloth or triangme bandage
| Apply ice pack for 10 mins
78
External bleeding symptom
Pain
Shock
Thirst
Weak but rapid pulse
79
External bleeding signs
Quick examination. Squeeze feet
80
External bleeding treatment
Protective gloves
Lay or sit casulty in comfortable position
Call 999
Examine wound and check for objects
Apply direct pressure using sterile dressing
Treat for shock
81
When would you remove an object in someons
Only if it's a splinter
82
Internal bleeding signs and symptoms
Skin pale
| Confusion, restlessness, bruising, shock, thirst, weak but rapid pulse
83
Internal bleeding treatment
Call 999
Lie them down
Treat for shock
84
Varicose vein bleeding
They have a one way valve to stop backflow. Blood may collect and spurt our alarmingly.
85
Varicose vein bleeding treatment
Direct pressure should be applied for 10 mins
86
Amputation symptoms and signs and treatment
As for bleeding
87
Bleeding from the nsor symptoms
Dizziness
Weakness
Confusion
Feeling faint
88
Bleeding from the nose treatment
Sit them down with head tilted forward
Ask them to breathe through mouth
Apply pressure by squeezing with tissues.
Ask them not to speak, swallow cough or sniff. Apply pressure for 10 mins at a time
If bleeding lasts for longer than 30 mins call 999
89
Splinters symptoms
Minor pain or irritation
90
Splinter treatment
Wear glovrs
Clean surrounding area
Use tweezers to remove splinter as close to the skin as possible. Pull splinter in the same direction as it entered the skin. Let bleed slightly. Cover with dressing
91
Causes of burns
```
Dry heat
Wet heat
Chemical heat
Electrical heat
Sunburn
```
92
Burn symptoms
Pain in area of the burn
| Shock
93
Burn signs
Blistering
Swelling
Redness
94
Burn treatment
```
Flood stre with cool water for 10 mins
Don't remove clothing
Remove jewellery
Apply a non adhesive sterile dressimg and loosely applied cling film
Treat for shock.
```
95
How long do you run CHEMICAL burns with cold water
20 mins
96
When do you call 999 with burns
If they are a child, it's severe, fumes have been inhaled, electrical burn.
97
Superficual burns
Outer layer of skin burnt. Tender and swelling
98
Partial thickness burn
Outer layer and epidermis
99
Full thickness burn
All layers of skin burnt. May look charred or waxyt
100
Severe burns are
Deep
Located on feet, hands, face, genitald or extends around a limb.
Size
Cause (chemical or electrical)
101
Sunburn signs
Redness
Blisters
Burn
102
Sunburn symptoms
Itching
Pain
Dizzy
103
Treatment for sunburn
Shade, water, cool burn.
104
Electric shock results in
Unconsciousness
Spasm of respiratory muscles so that breathing stops
Cardiac arrest
Burns at entry and exit points
105
Symptoms of electric shock
Pain
| Symptoms of shock
106
Signs of electric shock
See casulty jolt or shake
Burns
Signs of shock
Unconsciousness
107
Electric shock treatment
Turn off mains supply
Do not touch casulty with anything metal or wet until power is isolated then call 999 then primary surgery then treat burns then treat for shock then recovery position
108
Types of fracture
Open
Closed
Complicated
Greenstick
109
Open fracture
Exposed wound leads down to a fracture or the ends of a broken bone might stick out through the skin
110
Closed fracture
Brusinf, swelling and deformity
111
Complicated fracture
Injury to major blood vessels, brain, lungs, nerves, liver, joints or other parts of body
112
Greenstick fracture
Easily confused with sprain or strain with children
113
Symptoms of fractures
Severe pain
| Hard to move and generally painful
114
Signs of fracture
Cracking
Bleeding
Swelling and deformity
115
Treatment for fracture
Keep casulty in same position.
Support upper limbs by sling.
Support lower limbs with blankets.
Cover any exposed wound with sterile dressing. If open fracture then apply a dressing with no direct pressure
116
What does an elevation sling do
Support the arm and hand on raised positio to minimise swelling. Also works in shoulder injuries.
117
What does a support sling do
Supports an injured arm, wrist or ribs. Only for casulties who can bend their elbow
118
Chest injury signs
Open wound you may hear air
Blue grey skin colour
Frothy coughed up blood
Bubbling blood from wound
119
Chest injury symptoms
Difficult and painful breathing
| Severe and acute pain
120
Chest injury treatment
Call 999, sit them comfortably, never cover, direct pressure, if they become unconscious out then in recovery position. If irregular breathing then start CPR
121
Flail chest symptoms
Painful shallowing breathing
122
Flail chest signs
Paradoxical chest movement
123
Flail chest treatment
Call 999
Sit them in comfortably
Support arm on injured side to help keep weight off. If unconscious, recovery position. If irregular breathing, CPR.
124
dislocation symptoms
nausea due to pain can lead to shock
125
dislocation signs
reluctant to move joint due to pain.
| deformity
126
dislocation treatment
```
allow casulty to find comfortable position for themselves
support injured limb
dont try to relocate joint
call 999
dont allow casulty to eat or drink
```
127
sprains
where ligaments have been wrenched
128
strains
where muscles have been overstretched
129
signs of sprains
swelling
bruising
discolouration
130
signs of strains
swelling
| cramp
131
symptoms of sprains
complaints of pain
132
symptoms of strains
localised but intense pain at site of injury
133
treatment for sprains and strains
```
RICE
Rest
Ice
Comfortable position
Elevation
```
134
cramp symptoms
swimmer cannot relac muscle
| pain
135
cramp signs
muscle feels hard and tight
136
treatment for cramp
support casualty as appropriate
stretch muscle carefully and gently by straightening
massaging
rest
137
Head injuries
Concussion
Compression
Skull fracture
138
Symptoms of head injuries
Dizziness
Confusion
Nausea
Headache
139
Signs of head injuries
Changes in skin colour
Blood in white of eye
Bleeding, swelling, brusing
140
Treatment for head injuries
Call 999
If conscious, help them to lie down and keep head, neck and body in line in case of neck injury
Look for other injuries
If unconscious, recovery position
141
symptoms of Eye Injuries
Itchy
Pain
Impaired vision
142
Signs of eye injuries
Eye may water
Redness and swelling
Inability to open eye
143
Treatment of eye injuries
```
DO NOT REMOVE OBJECTS
Advkde casualty not to rub the eye
Gently separate eye and eyelid
Examine
Wash with sterile solution or tap water.
If this doesn't work, apt eye pad and tell casualty to keep eyes shut to keep it still
Get medical help
```
144
What if the eye injury is chemical
Run under cool water until ambulance
145
Symptoms of dental injuries
Pain
| Difficulty speaking
146
Signs of dental injuries
Bleeding
Swelling
Damage to teeth
147
Treatment for broken tooth dental injuries
```
Retrieve any broken parts
Casulty to rinse mouth
Apply cold pack
Check for other injuries
Seek dental attention
```
148
Treatment for knocked out tooh dental injuries
Ask casualty to place tooth back. Seek dental attention. If bleeding ask them to bite on a sterile pad and maintain pressure
149
Fainting causes
Injury
Illness
Fatigue
Long periods of standing or hot stuffy
150
Symptoms of fainting
Nausea
Blurred vision
Stomach ache
151
Signs of fainting
Casualty may yasn of sway unsteadily
Pe
Sweat
Cold, clammy skin
152
Fainting treatment
```
Reassurance
Deep sloe breaths
Lay down and raise legs
Loosen tight clothes
Ask bystanders to leave
When they faint:
Lay down and raise legs
Check breathing and recovery position
```
153
Stroke symptoms and signs
```
FACE
Face
Arms (raise?)
Speech
Time
```
154
Stroke treatment
Call 999
Lay them down with head and shoulders raised
Reassure and don't bombard with questions
Monitor
If unconscious, recovery position
155
Poisoning causes
Through mouth, nose, skin, eyes.
| Drugs, alcohol, release of chemicals or gases
156
Symptoms of poisoning
Dizzy
Nausea
Confusion
157
Signs of poisoning
Evidence
Vomiting
Pale skin
158
Treatment for poisoning
```
Move them to safe place
Remove cause
NEVER INDUCE VOMITING
Treat injuries
If unconscious, recovery position.
If non breathing, CPR
```
159
Gas chemical leak poisoning
Call 999
160
Closed space
Ventilation
161
What should you keep about poisoning
What they took
Container label
Material safety data sheet
162
Insect bites signs
Swelling
163
Insect bites symptoms
Pain
164
Insect bites treatment
Remove sting by brushing with credit card
| Cold compress
165
Diabetic emergency types
Hypoglycemia
| Hyperglycaemia
166
Hyperglycaemia signs
Call 999 but casualty should monitor themself
167
Hypoglycemia signs
Pale skin
Shallow breathing
Could be mistaken for being drunk
168
Hypoglycemia symptoms
Rapid pulse
Confusion
Trembling
169
Treatmrnt for hypoglycemia
Sugary drinks or sugar
| If no response call 999
170
Signs of seizures
Casualty may collapse
Muscles stiffen and adcged back
Eyes roll
Teeth may clench
171
Treatment for seizures
Keep face clear of water
If possible support casualty in shallow water.
Reassure
Be prepared to start CPR.
If out of water, support head and loosen clothings
Then allow them to rest
172
When should you call 999 with seizures
```
Longer than 5 mins
Multiple seizures
Injured
First ever seizure
Lasts longer than normal for the person
```
173
Absence seizurez
Small seizures common in children
174
Symptoms and signs of absence seizures
Twitching, plucking at clothes, swallowing repeatedly, appearing dazed
175
Treatment for absence seizures
Support with head above water
Guide away from pool
Reassure
Lie them down in quiet place
176
Heat exhaustion symptoms
Nausea
Loss of appetite
Headaches
177
Heat exhaustion signs
Sweating
| Pale clammy skin
178
Heat exhaustion treatment
```
Move them to cool place
Sips of water
Lie them down and raise their legs
If unconscious, recovery position
Call 999
```
179
Hypothermia signs
Shivering
Changds in behaviour
Confusion
Pale cold skin
180
Hypothermia symptoms
Cold
Slow pulse
Tired
181
Hypothermia treatment
```
Emergency services
Handle gently
Warm place
Remove wt clothing
Sit comfortably
```
182
What do you identify for on a secondary survey
History, symptoms, signs
183
How do you check in a secondary survery
Use your senses
| Look, listen, feel , smell
184
What do you ask before a secondary survey
Ask permission
| Do you have any pain? Where?
185
What should you do before a secondary survey
```
Gloves
Protect privacy of casualty
Don't move casualty more than necessary
Check about medical conditions
Check about medications taken
```
186
If you have to remove clothing what should you do
Go to a private room
| Have the first aider of the same sex
187
What should you check for in the secondary survey
```
Bleeding
Brusinf
Swelling
Protuding bones
Deformity
Casulty reaction
Pain
```
188
Page 235!
.
189
If defibrillation is delivered promptly what is the survival rate
75%
190
The chance of successful defibrillation declines at a rate if
10% with each minute of delay
191
When will an AED stop shocking
When it detects a regular heart rhythm
192
When do you start using an AED
Whenever it arrives, no matter place on CPR.
193
What do you do if the pads will touch on a person recieving defibrillation
Put one on the back and one on the front
194
How to perform defibrillation
Follow voice prompts
Attach electrode pads
Ensure no one is touching casualty
After shock is delivered and causalty is not breathing, immediately continue CPR until voice prompts tell you to stop to deliver another shock
Continue until casualty is awake and moving
195
What happens if pads don't stick property
You may need to wipe dry the chest, shave it, remove metal jewelry or plasters I contact with pads. Removee oxygen mask
196
What can a food blockage lead to
Muscle spasm in larynx
197
Signs and symptoms of choking
May have been eating
Gripping throat
May become unconscious
198
Mild airway obstruction
Will be able to speak, cough and breathe but be distressed
199
Severe obstruction
Causalty unable to speak, have a weakening cough, be struggling to breathe and may have a blue face
200
Treatment for mild adult choking
Ask them to cough if they continue to be choked then do treatment for severe choking
201
Treatment for severe adult choking
5 sharp back blows whilst casualty leans forward
| If this fails, 5 abodnimal thrusts
202
If loss of consciousness when choking
Start CPR
203
Choking treatment for baby
5 sharp back blows whilst resting baby on knee. 5 abodnimal thrusts by using 2 fingers as chest compressions on knee
204
Choking treatment for child
5 sharp back blows. 5 small abdominal thrusts by crouching over child and performing the thrust against torso
205
Defib
.
206
Head secondary survey
```
Fluid from ears or nose
Indentations/softness
Pupil dilation
Colour of skin
Clamminess
```
207
Mouth
| secondary survey
Obstruction
Vomit
Tongue laceration
Teeth dentures
208
Neck
| secondary survey
Medic alert
| Pulse
209
Chest
| secondary survey
Rise and fall with breathing
210
Arms secondary survey
Medic alert bracelet
Needle marks
Movement without pain
211
Abdomen secondary survey
Rigidity
| Tenderness
212
Pelvis secondary survey
Incontinence
213
Legs and feet secondary survey
Movement without pain. Squeeze feet
214
what should be stored with an AED
```
small towel or face flannel
razor
pocket mask
protective gloves
scissors
batteries
spare and paediatric pads
```
