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Health Coaching Exam > Section 3, Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Section 3, Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of children and adolescents have obesity?

A

Approximately 18% 

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2
Q

When working with a client who has overweight or obesity, about what topic is important to ask? 

A

Permission to talk about weight 

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3
Q

What was the main contributor to the increase in daily caloric intake in both men and women between 1971 and 2000? 

A

Increase in carbohydrate intake 

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4
Q

What are the three diagnostic tests used to classify obesity and overweight in adults? 

A

Body mass index (BMI)
Waist circumference
Waist to hip ratio (WHR)

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5
Q

One method for classifying overweight and obesity that provides an objective ratio describing the relationship between body weight and height 

A

BMI

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6
Q

One method for classifying overweight and obesity that is a reliable indicator of an individuals relative amount of visceral fat

A

Waist circumference 

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7
Q

This measurement is superior to BMI in predicting cardiovascular disease risk 

A

Waist circumference 

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8
Q

One method for classifying overweight and obesity that involves dividing the clients waist measurement by his or her hip measurement 

A

Waist to hip ratio (WHR)

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9
Q

This measurement is a good predictor of all cause morbidity and cardiovascular disease mortality 

A

WHR

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10
Q

What is the equation for calculating BMI?

A

[Weight (lb)/Height2 (in)] x 703

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11
Q

What are key strategies for helping a client lose weight?

A

-Portion control
-Eating frequency
-Consuming foods high in nutrient density and low in energy density 

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12
Q

When working with clients with overweight or obesity what is a realistic goal for initial weight loss? 

A

5 to 10%

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13
Q

What are factors that contribute to obesity?

A

Environmental factors
Stress
Genetics
Hormones
Sleep
Energy balance (higher EI versus lower EE)

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14
Q

What are examples of environmental factors that contribute to obesity?

A
  • The availability, quantity and energy density of foods consumed
    -Availability of labor saving devices
    -More time spent sitting
  • Less availability of facilities were one can be active in the built environment
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15
Q

According to the text, what is probably the major factor contributing to the obesity epidemic?

A

Environmental factors 

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16
Q

According to research, genes are a factor in obesity but not as important as what? 

A

Lifestyle 

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17
Q

The genetic predisposition to obesity can be reduced by about how much by being physically active? 

A

40%

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18
Q

When working with a client to lose weight, it’s important to remember what?

A

Not all people respond the same way to diet and exercise 

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19
Q

How does fat tissue function like endocrine organs?

A

It secretes hormones

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20
Q

What are 3 key hormones produced by fat tissue and their impact?

A
  1. Leptin - communicates with the hypothalamus regarding energy reserves in fat cells
  2. Adiponectin - helps insulin do it’s job
  3. Immune hormones - connected to inflammation
21
Q

EE = ?

A

Energy expenditure

22
Q

EI = ?

A

Energy intake

23
Q

A simple sugar. The form in which all carbohydrates are used as the body’s principal energy source. 

A

Glucose 

24
Q

The chief carbohydrate storage material formed by the liver and stored in the liver and muscle. 

A

Glycogen 

25
Q

A hormone produced in the stomach that is responsible for stimulating appetite

A

Ghrelin

26
Q

A satiety hormone that is released from the intestines 

A

Peptide YY

27
Q

It is the second leading cause of preventable death in America 

A

Obesity 

28
Q

How does obesity impact life expectancy? 

A

It reduces life expectancy by as much as 10 to 20 years

29
Q

What is the BMI range classification for overweight? 

A

25.0 - 29.9 BMI

30
Q

What is the BMI range classification for obesity class one? 

A

30.0 - 34.9 BMI

31
Q

What is the BMI range classification for obesity class 2?

A

35.0 - 39.9 BMI

32
Q

What is the BMI classification for extreme obesity? 

A

40.0 or higher BMI

33
Q

What are five strategies to create an energy deficit?

A

Follow a menu plan
Limit sugar intake
Control portion size
Limit sedentary activities
>150 minutes of physical activity a week

34
Q

Four areas that impact obesity

A

Diet
Physical activity
Sleep
Stress 

35
Q

The consumption of energy from food, balanced with the output of energy through life-sustaining functions, physical activity, and exercise. 

A

Energy balance

36
Q

When energy intake and energy expenditure are equal

A

Weight maintenance 

37
Q

When energy intake is greater than energy expenditure

A

Weight gain 

38
Q

When energy intake is less than energy expenditure

A

Weight loss 

39
Q

How does sleep deprivation impact weight?

A

Disrupts hormone levels 
Impairs metabolism

40
Q

Where should waist circumference be measured? 

A

At the narrowest part of the torso above the umbilicus, and below the xiphoid process 

41
Q

What is the waist circumference in women and also in men that are considered the risk factor threshold for metabolic and coronary disease?

A

> = 35 inches in women
= 40 inches in men

42
Q

Obesity related metabolic diseases

A

Diabetes
Insulin resistance 

43
Q

Waist circumference is a reliable indicator of an individual’s relative amount of what?

A

Visceral fat 

44
Q

Two main types of body fat

A

Subcutaneous - under the skin
Visceral - surrounding the internal organs 

45
Q

Two important functions of visceral body fat

A

Helps to maintain levels of free fatty acids in the blood 
Facilitates the regulation of blood insulin 

46
Q

During digestion, the body breaks down fats into what (for absorption into the blood)?

A

Fatty acids 

47
Q

Fatty acid molecules are usually joined together in groups of three, forming a molecule called what? 

A

A triglyceride 

48
Q

In cases of overweight and obesity, visceral fat can be infiltrated by specific immune cells known as macrophages that trigger insulin resistance. This is a precursor for what?

A

Diabetes and prediabetes 

Health Coaching Exam (7 decks)

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