Section 1 Flashcards
What does autonomy refer to as it relates to ethics in Coaching?
A client’s ability to think, decide and act on their own initiative.
What does non-maleficence refer to as it relates to ethics in coaching? 
First, do no harm. 
What does beneficence refer to as it relates to ethics in coaching? 
Promoting what is best for the client based on scientific evidence. 
What does justice refer to as it relates to ethics in coaching? 
Treating all people equally and equitably. Displaying unconditional positive regard and cultivating inclusive, coaching environments. 
What are the four broad principles of ethics that the client-coach relationship is based upon? 
- Autonomy
- Non-malfeasance 
- Beneficence
- Justice
What are the SAMSHA eight dimensions of wellness? 
- Physical wellness
- Intellectual wellness
- Emotional wellness
- Spiritual wellness
- Financial wellness
- Social wellness
- Environmental wellness
- Occupational wellness 
For what percentage of global death is chronic disease responsible? 
70%
What approach to medicine takes into account all evidence-informed therapies that support, physical, emotional, psychological, and spiritual aspects of individuals?
Integrative medicine 
In terms of past, present and future, where does a health coach focus primarily? 
The present and the desired future
Define person-centered care 
Individuals are active participants in their healthcare 
Person-centered care requires what kind of relationships between patients and healthcare providers? 
Relationships that are rooted in empathy, compassion, and respect
What are the four categories of coaching competencies? 
- Setting the foundation
- Co-creating the relationship
- Communicating effectively
- Facilitating learning and results
What coaching competencies are included in the category “Setting the Foundation”?
- Meeting ethical guidelines and professional standards
- Establishing the coaching agreement 
What coaching competencies are included in the category “Co-creating the Relationship”?
- Establishing trust and intimacy
- Coaching presence (being fully present with an open and flexible style)
What coaching competencies are included in the category “Communicating Effectively“?
- Active listening
- Powerful questioning
- Direct communication
What coaching competencies are included in the category “Facilitating Learning and Results”?
- Creating awareness
- Designing actions
- Planning and goal setting
- Managing progress and accountability
What are four elements that are important for establishing rapport with a client?
- Unconditional positive regard
- Autonomy
- Empathy
- Affirmation
What are the five personality traits in the five-factor model?
- Openness to experience
- Conscientiousness
- Extroversion
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
What are three types of reflections that a coach might use? 
- Simple reflection.
- Amplified reflection.
- Double sided reflection. 
What is a simple reflection?
Repeating or rephrasing what the client has said in a brief and concise way 
What is an amplified reflection? 
Providing a direct and more exaggerated form of what the client has stated 
What is a double sided reflection?
Exploring the clients ambivalence by highlighting reasons he or she has given both for and against change 
What is self efficacy?
The degree to which an individual believes they can successfully perform a given behavior 
This type of coaching helps clients understand how beliefs and/or expectations affect experience (or feelings) in order to overcome perceived barriers for behavior change
Cognitive Behavioral Coaching
What are the six principles of adult learning?
- They need to know why they need to learn some thing before they learn it.
- Self-concept is heavily dependent on autonomy and self-directedness of learning 
- Prior experiences are a significant resource
- Need to be in a stage of readiness to learn
- They typically become ready to learn when they experience a need to cope with a life situation or perform a task.
- Adult learners are internally motivated. 
List and define the four domains of emotional intelligence
- Self-awareness: the ability to perceive emotions in oneself and others accurately
- Self- management: the ability to use emotions to facilitate thinking (high self management usually = high degree of self discipline and ability to focus)
- Social awareness: ability to understand emotions and the signals they convey. Empathy is a key attribute tied to this.
- Relationship management: the ability to manage emotions in order to attain specific goals. 
List and define three types of empathy 
- Cognitive empathy: understanding what a client knows and understands
- Emotional empathy: being attuned to understanding what a client is feeling
- Empathic concern: the ability to sense what another person needs from you
List and describe the five stages of change according to the transtheoretical model of behavior change.
- Precontemplation - no intention of changing
- Contemplation- considering making a change, possibly in the next six months
- Preparation- have decided to change and are preparing to begin
- Action- have moved forward with changing their behavior, but have not yet maintained it for six months
- Maintenance- have successfully changed their behavior for at least six months
According to the health belief model, what are the four variables that influence a persons decision to change? 
Beliefs about the:
1. Perceived susceptibility of the health threat.
2. Perceived seriousness of the health threat.
3. Benefits of the health behavior
4. Barriers of the health behavior
The concept of self efficacy originated from what behavior change theory? 
Social cognitive theory
What is locus of control?
The extent to which people think things happen for internal versus external reasons 
People who have repeatedly failed to change a behavior may experience what psychological state?
Learned helplessness 
In contrast to other behavior change theories, this theory argues that peoples behavior shapes their attitudes 
Self perception theory
What is the theory that focuses on different types of motivation that drive behavior?
Self-determination theory 
List and describe the three most important factors that influence motivation according to self-determination theory.
- Autonomy - people need to feel they are acting of their own accord (not being forced)
- Competence - people need to feel competent in a particular behavior or activity
- Relatedness - people need to feel they belong in a particular group or place (i.e., positive connections)
List and describe the six categories of motivation according to self determination theory 
- Intrinsic motivation - engaging in a behavior or activity because you genuinely enjoy it
- Integrated regulation - when a behavior and its goals have become integrated into your self-concept
- Identified regulation - engaging in a behavior or activity because it helps you reach a personally meaningful goal, even though they may not actually enjoy it
- Introjected regulation- when you engage in an activity because you think you should even though you don’t really want to
- External regulation - engaging in an activity because of external pressure to avoid punishment or gain rewards
- Amotivation- no motivation whatsoever

Substituting healthier behaviors and cognitions for the unhealthy behavior is known as what 
Counterconditioning
Experiencing negative emotions because the negative behavior is perceived to be problematic, then feeling relief from deciding to change is known as what
Dramatic relief
Deciding to change and experiencing a new belief in the ability to change is known as what 
Self liberation 
Increasing rewards for healthy behavior change and decreasing rewards for unhealthy behavior is known as what 
Reinforcement management 
Removing reminders and cues to engage in unhealthy behaviors and replacing them with reminders/cues for healthy behavior
Stimulus control

The model of health that emphasizes the interrelated biological, psychological and social components of health 
Biopsychosocial model of health 
What academic discipline promotes the idea of moving away from focusing on a person’s deficits or fixing what is wrong with them to consciously nurturing and using one’s character strengths?
Positive psychology
The transtheoretical model of behavior change was originally applied in what setting?
For smoking cessation and overcoming other addictions 
What evidence-based approach to facilitating behavior change can be particularly helpful for people in the contemplation stage of change? 
Motivational interviewing 
People in this stage of behavior change are ambivalent about change and still weighing the pros and cons
Contemplation 
In what stage of behavioral change might you assist the client in identifying social support and establishing goals?
Preparation 
You can usually get a sense of a clients stage of change by asking what kind of questions?
Open ended questions 
List and explain four factors that influence self efficacy
- Mastery experiences - successful accomplishment of a task increases self efficacy
- Motivational models - seeing people similar to ourselves who are successful at tasks we are trying to master increases self efficacy
- Persuasive messages - when received from health coaches and others can enhance self efficacy but must be perceived to be realistic and sincere
- Stress arousal - people interpret stress symptoms as signs of inability so this is associated with decreased self efficacy
According to this theory, most people have a tendency to attribute their own behavior to the situation, while attributing others behavior to personality 
Attribution theory
Believing that failure is inevitable and attributing it to unchangeable and uncontrollable personal qualities 
Learned helplessness
Too much of an external locus of control
Can create a sense of anger and blame directed at others
Too much of an internal locus of control
Can create feelings of anger at oneself and low self-esteem 
What is the theory that suggests different types of motivation that drive behavior 
Self-determination theory 
As described by self-determination theory, which type of motivation is a form of autonomous motivation and the most effective type of motivation for behavior change? 
Intrinsic motivation
What are two basic types of motivation according to self-determination theory?
Autonomous motivation and controlled motivation
A type of motivation in which people feel as if they are behaving of their own free will 
Autonomous motivation 
A type of motivation in which people are doing something because they feel pressured by demands from external forces 
Controlled motivation
According to self-determination theory, what are two categories of motivation that feel fairly autonomous 
Integrated regulation and identified regulation
