Section 3 and 4 important Concepts

Question 1

What is the Axial Skeleton made up of and how many bones does it have?

Answer 1

skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

80 bones

Question 2

What is the Apendicular Skeleton made up of and how many bones does it have?

Answer 2

arms, legs, and pelvic girdle.

126 bones

Question 3

Type I Muscle Fibers

Answer 3

Slow twitch, increased oxygen, smaller in size, generate lower amounts of force, more resistant to fatigue

Question 4

Type 2 Muscle Fibers

Answer 4

Fast twitch, less oxygen, Larger in size, generate higher amounts of force, faster to fatigue

Question 5

Actin

Answer 5

Thin myofilament

Question 6

Myosin

Answer 6

Thick myofilament

Question 7

Sliding filament theory

Answer 7

Series of steps in muscle contraction involving how myosin and actin slide past one another to produce muscle contraction, shortening the length of the sarcomere

Question 8

Relative Flexibility

Answer 8

The process in which the body takes the path of least resistance

Question 9

Force-Couple relationships

Answer 9

the synergistic action of multiple muscles working together to produce movement around a joint

Question 10

Muscle spindle

Answer 10

Sensory receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change, causes CONTRACTION (Prevents a muscle from stretching too far to fast)

Question 11

Golgi Tendon Organ

Answer 11

Sensory receptors sensitive to changes in muscular tension and the rate of tension change. causes muscle to RELAX

Question 12

Autogenic Inhibition

Answer 12

Occurs when the neural impulses that sense tension (GTO) are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles.

Question 13

Tendon

Answer 13

Connects muscles to bone

Question 14

Ligament

Answer 14

Connects bone to bone

Question 15

Sagittal plane and associated exercises

Answer 15

Bisects body into right and left halves (flexion and extension)

Bicep curls, tricep pushdowns, front lunges, calf raises, walking, running, vertical jump, etc.

Question 16

Frontal Plane and associated exercises

Answer 16

Bisects body into in front and back halves (adduction and abduction)

jumping jacks, side lunges, lateral shoulder raises, and side shuffling

Question 17

Transverse plane and associated exercises

Answer 17

Bisects body into upper and lower halves (internal/external rotation, horizontal abduction/adduction of the limbs, radioulnar pronation.supination)

Cable trunk rotation, dumbell chest fly, swinging a bat / golf club

Question 18

Central nervous system

Answer 18

Brain and spinal cord

Question 19

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 19

Nerves that connect the rest of the body to the CNS

Question 20

Afferent pathway

Answer 20

Sensory pathway that relays information to the central nervous system

Question 21

Efferent pathway

Answer 21

A motor pathway that relays information from the central nervous system to the rest of the body

Question 22

proprioception

Answer 22

The body’s ability to naturally sense its general orientation and relative position of its parts.

Question 23

Three parts of a neuron

Answer 23

Cell body, axon, and dendrite

Question 24

The three joint motions

Answer 24

Roll, glide, and spin

Question 25

Layers of the muscle

Answer 25

epimysium

perimysium

endomysium (deepest)

Question 26

Skeletal system functions

Answer 26

-Shape
-protection
-movement
-blood production
-stores minerals