Section 3 Flashcards
Infrared spectroscopy
How does it work?
The IR radiation is absorbed by covalent bonds, increasing their vibrational energy
different bonds absorb different frequencies
Applications of IR spectroscopy
breathalysers -causes OH peak
monitoring pollutants - to see CO and NO bonds
m/z 15
CH3 +
m/z 29
CH3CH2 +
m/z 43 C-H
CH3CH2CH2+
CH3CHCH3+
m/z 17
OH+
m/z 28
C=O+
m/z 43 O
COCH3+
Mass spec
how does it work
bombarded with electrons and a molecular ion is formed
what occurs to make peaks
fragmentation
reflux how does it work
mixture is continuously boiled so it evaporates into the condenser and it condenses and is recycled back in the flask giving it time to react
distillation
how does it work
evaporates things of different temperatures
when to use distillation
when the product of the reaction has a lower boiling point than the starting material
separating funnel
when to use it
when product is insoluble in water
separating funnel
how does it work
mixture in separating funnel and water is added
organic layer is on top so the aqueous layer is removed
drying agents
how it works
add salt to bind to water
it will become lumpy
should be able to swirl it
mixture will not be cloudy
alkane typical reactions
Radical substitution
alkene typical reactions
electrophilic addition
alcohol typical reactions
nucleophilic addition
dehydration
elimination
oxidation
haloalkane typical reactions
nucleophilic substitution
aldehyde typical reactions
oxidation
alkane properties
non-polar
unreactive
alkene properties
non-polar
electron-rich double bond
alcohol properties
polar C-OH bond
