section 3 - 3B

Question 1

UK governments measures to tackle social and economic inequalities

Answer 1

taxation 
subsidies 
planning 
law 
education

Question 2

taxation as a mean to reduce social inequalities

Answer 2

• income tax - used by gov to redistribute wealth from wealthier to less wealthy
• essential items exempt from tax: food. benefits poorer groups as large % of their income is spent on food
• NHS

Question 3

subsidies as means to reduce social inequality

Answer 3

• giving subsidies to poorer groups: low wage earners, unemployed workers, long-term disability
• subsidies for children in poorer families: free school meals, clothing allowances and help with university fees
• subsidies for elderly: pensions, fuel and transport
• other subsidies: free child care to single parent

Question 4

planning as a means to reduce social inequalities

Answer 4

• planning organised geographically targeting most deprived areas: neighbourhoods or regions
• priority given to upgrading housing and services

Question 5

laws as a mean to reduce social inequalities

Answer 5

• outlaw discrimination on race, ethnicity, gender, age

- poorest groups protected by the minimum-wage legislation

Question 6

education as a mean to reduce social inequalities

Answer 6

• provided funding for training and upgrading skills improving employment prospects and boost economic growth
• education programmes designed to improve personal health - beneficial for the poorest and the wealthier

Question 7

government spending 2016

Answer 7

• £760B
• split 3/4 to central government and 1/4 to local government
• allocations: 20% pensions, 12% education, 15% welfare and 18% health, 35% transport/defence/ international development

Question 8

pensions in the UK increasing social inequality

Answer 8

• spending on pensions in UK have x2
• reflects increasing life expectancy and an ageing population = age people can draw state pension is rising
• poorest people rely on state pensions but tends to be disproportionate number of these people living in inner cities = high levels of multiple deprivation
• pensioners also can be wealthy - large numbers of people now retiring have occupational pensions and own homes outright

Question 9

health care in UK increasing social inequality

Answer 9

• NHS is ‘free at point of delivery’ payed through taxation
• provisions of health services varies: inner cities and remote rural areas can be short of GPs and other health workers Vs well served affluent suburbs
• language, cultural barriers and role/ status of women cause issue for new migrants accessing health services

Question 10

example of UK government solution to an issue of migrants

Answer 10

immunisation

• Somali and South Asian fear immunisation = lack of resistance to childhood disease and their children unprotected
• literature produced in ethic minority languages to inform parents of benefit of immunisation

Question 11

UK support for rural areas

Answer 11

• Key settlement policy = services concentrated in large villages and small towns
• services: education, health care, employment, housing etc = hubs for people living in surrounding smaller settlements
• idea = if a service is supported by a critical mass of people then it would be sustainable

Question 12

issue causing social inequality in rural areas

Answer 12

• personal mobility = not exclusively reliant on nearest key settlement
• commuting for employment and shopping etc aided by extended opening hours and availability of home delivery
• reduced usage of ‘local businesses’