Section 3 Flashcards
What is the earliest computing device?
The Abacus
What device emerged between the Middle Ages & Modern Era? A device representing data through gear positioning was designed to perform basic but complex arithmetic operations.
The Leibniz Machine
What device started in 1801, which communicated instructions with punched cards?
The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator & Calculator)
What device was constructed for arithmetic machines between 1937 & 1941?
Vacuum Tubes
What did Steve Jobs & Stephen Wozniak build in 1976?
Apple Computer Inc.
In 1981, what did IBM introduce?
PC (Personal Computer)
During the 20th century, what connected individuals throughout the globe?
The Internet
What did computers use during the first generation of computers?
Vacuum Tubes (1946-1959)
What device was invented during the second generation of computers? Computers during this generation still relied on punched cards.
Transistors (1959-1965)
What device was invented during the third generation of computers? This device was difficult to maintain and required air conditioning.
Integrated Circuits (1965-1971)
What device was invented during the fourth generation of computers?
Microprocessors (1971-Present)
What was invented during the fifth generation of computers (1980s)?
AI (Artificial Intelligience
What is the study of a non-classical model of computation?
Quantum Computing
What involves the use of nanoscale tools & nonbiological processes to build structures, devices, & systems at a molecular level?
Nanotechnology
What are the physical/tangible parts of the computer called?
Hardware
What are the instructions that can be stored & run by the physical hardware called?
Software
What hardware is responsible for processing all information from programs run by your computer?
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
What is the term of the speed of the processor measured by?
GHz (Gigahertz 0
What hardware is found in the memory slot of the motherboard?
RAM (Random Access Memory)
What device is responsible for storing permanent & temporary data?
Hard Drives
What are the two types of hard drives?
Solid-State Drives (SSD)
Traditional Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
What hardware processes huge batches of graphic data?
GPU (Graphics Processor Unit)
What hardware is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector or expansion slot?
Expansion Card
What consists of hardware, software, networking & human components that work together?
The Computer System
What is the term that input, processes & output results?
IPOS (Input-Process-Output-Storage)
What are the three major components of the computer?
CPU, Storage & Peripheral Devices
What are the three parts of the CPU?
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), Control Unit & Processor Register
What register holds the memory location of data needed for access?
Memory Address Register (MAR)
What register holds data being transferred from/to memory?
Memory Data Register (MDR)
What register holds the ALU results?
Accumulator (AC)
What register holds the address of the next program instruction that is to be executed?
Program Counter (PC)
What register holds current instruction during processing?
Current Instruction Register (CIR)
Ram is split into two partitions, what are they?
Address & Contents
What is the hardware that stores instructions for crucial system activities?
ROM (Read-Only Memory)
What hardware supports the input & output functions?
Peripheral Devices
What hardware are the wires that serve as electrical roadways that transmit information between the CPU & other components?
Buses
What bus carries the destination address of where the data is assigned to be processed?
Address Bus
What bus carries data between the processor, and memory unit, and coordinates all activities within the computer system?
Control Bus
What hardware contains components that can or cannot be removed? It holds the CPU, RAM, ROM chips & other hardware components.
The Motherboard
What sends out a pulse of electricity at regular intervals?
The System Clock
What are the sockets on the motherboard where expansion cards can be installed called?
Expansion Slots
What are the sockets that allow cables to be plugged in without opening the system units?
Ports
What device holds data & information permanently?
Secondary Storage
What is the smallest unit set for 0 or 1 called?
Bit
What device translates data into a form that the computer can understand?
Input Devices
What device translates information into a form that humans can understand?
Output Devices
What hardware allows a computer to send & receive data to/from computers?
Communication Devices
What communication device enables data to be transmitted without the need for physical wires?
Bluetooth Technologies
What communication device uses radio signals & orbiting satellites to receive and send messages from one system to another?
Satellite Communication
What communication device facilitates wireless communication between electronic devices?
Bluetooth Adapters
What type of computer is the biggest & fastest, designed to process huge data and is built with thousands of interconnected processors?
Supercomputer
What type of computer is designed to support hundreds or thousands of users and programs simultaneously?
Mainframe Computers
What type of computer is a single-user designed for technical or scientific applications?
Workstation
What type of computer is commonly known as a personal computer?
Minicomputer
