Section 3

Question 1

Binary base?

Answer 1

Binary has base 2 of just two numbers 0 and 1
0=off 1=on

Question 2

State all the numbers of binary

Answer 2

1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256

Question 3

Denary base?

Answer 3

Base 10, 0–9

Question 4

Hexadecimal numbers

Answer 4

0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F

Question 5

Hexadecimal base?

Answer 5

Base 16 numbers 0-F

Question 6

What do the letters starting from A-F represent?

Answer 6

10,11,12,13,14,15

Question 7

Binary to hexadecimal

Answer 7

Split eight bit binary into 2 parts and workout the 8421 number for each and put them together

Question 8

Hexadecimal to binary

Answer 8

Do same as we would for the other way round except find values of them in binary

Question 9

Decimal number into Hexadecimal

Answer 9

Divide the number by 16 for 1 hex number then use the remainder as the other hex number

Question 10

Hexadecimal into decimal number

Answer 10

Multiply left number by 16 right number 1

Question 11

Why use Hexadecimal?

Answer 11

Easier to remember and easier to read than binary

Question 12

Hexadecimal is used to represent:

Answer 12

-Colour values in photo editing software and HTML
-MAC addresses
-Memory address locations in assembly language

Question 13

Binary arithmetic

Answer 13

1+1=0 CARRY 1
1+0= 1 SAME OTHER WAY ROUND
0+0=0
1+1+1= 1 CARRY 1
ETC

Question 14

Binary Shift

Answer 14

Is when a binary number and all its bits are moved a certain number of places left or right
A shift left is multiplied by 2

Question 15

How many characters does an ASCII set have?

Answer 15

contains 128 each using 7 bits

Question 16

What is Bitmap image?

Answer 16

made up of picture elements in pixels

Question 17

What is a Pixel?

Answer 17

Represents smallest identifiable area of an image, each appearing as a square of a single colour

Question 18

Image size

Answer 18

Width x Height

Question 19

Colour depth

Answer 19

in bits per pixel
considering the number of colours
2 colours= 1 bit per pixel. 1 0
4 colours= 2 bit per pixel. 01 10 11 00

Question 20

As number of bits per pixel increases so does the …….

However this significantly increases the …. ….

Answer 20

Quality(be able to see better with naked eye)

file size

Question 21

How to calculate file size:

Answer 21

Width in pixels x height in pixels x colour depth

Dividing by 8 will give the size in bytes

Question 22

Increasing number of pixels in image will also increase its ….

Answer 22

Size

Question 23

Density of pixels in same sized area

Answer 23

Resolution

Question 24

More pixels per inch(PPI)
the effect is

Answer 24

Smooth edges and improve overall quality
Increasing size of image file
possible to enlarge the image without visible loss of quality
improved resolution comes at the expense of either increasing the number of pixels in an image(increasing file size) or reducing the pixel size and therefore the visible size of the image

Question 24

Analogue sounds

Answer 24

digitally recorded in binary

Question 25

to record sound

Answer 25

amplitude or height of sound wave emitted must be measured and recorded at regular intervals

Question 26

Frequency or sampling rate

Answer 26

How often height is recorded

Question 27

bit depth or sample resolution

Answer 27

accuracy to which the height is recorded
affects file size and quality of sound played back

Question 28

duration of recording affects the …. ….

Answer 28

File size

Question 29

What is Sampling rate measured in?

Answer 29

Hertz(hz)
e.g. CD quality playback is recorded at 44.1 kHz

Question 30

Compression software

Answer 30

Uses algorithms to remove repeated or unnecessary data

Question 31

Advantages of compression software

Answer 31

-reduces size of file on disk (useful for when there are things like email attachment limits)
-useful for data over internet(smaller files transported in less time)-meaning takes less time to download

bitmap is uncompressed

Question 32

Lossy compression

Answer 32

Lossy compression is a form of data compression that uses inexact approximations and partial data discarding to reduce the size of a file.
Lossy compression is used to store, handle, and transmit content more efficiently,

Question 33

Lossless compression

Answer 33

Lossless compression is a type of media compression that shrinks a file’s size without any quality loss. A file shrunk with lossless compression is indistinguishable from the original.

Question 34

Lossy formats

Answer 34

JPG, MP3, WMV, MPG

Question 35

Lossless formats

Answer 35

TIF, PDF, GIF, PNG, MOV, ZIP

Question 36

ADV Lossy

Answer 36

Smaller file sizes
Least transmission time
Reduces internet traffic and collisions

Question 37

DISADV Lossy

Answer 37

Detail is permanently lost

Question 38

Example Lossy

Answer 38

Music Streaming
Online images and Video images
Image libraries on devices or in the cloud

Question 39

ADV Lossless

Answer 39

Original quality is preserved/no info loss

Question 40

DISADV Lossless

Answer 40

Less significant reduction in the file size

Question 41

Example Lossless

Answer 41

Text documents
Electronic books
High resolution print documents

Question 42

Run length encoding(RLE)

Answer 42

Data particularly image data, can be represented using frequency/ data pairs. E.g. a black and white 5x5 image with a colour depth of i may be represented by the binary string:
00000111: represented as “five zeros three ones”