Section 3 Flashcards
True or false: the spinal cord is encapsulated by the meninges.
True. This creates an extracellular environment unique from the rest of the body. Additional physical protection is provided by the vertebrae.
True or False: Grey matter contains nerve cell bodies, short interneurons, and glial cells.
True.
What does the central canal within grey matter contain?
a) Blood cells
b) Cerebrospinal fluid
c) Hormones
d) Neurons
b) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The central canal within grey matter is filled with CSF.
How can each half of grey matter be divided?
a) Into layers
b) Into regions called horns
c) Into branches
d) Into lobes
b) Into regions called horns. Each half of grey matter can be divided into regions called horns, which differ in the cell bodies they contain.
The white matter consists of bundles of nerve fibers or axons. Each bundle is connected to a specific region of the brain to transmit information from the brain to the periphery (descending tracts of efferent neurons) or from the periphery to the brain (ascending tracts of afferent neurons). The ascending and descending tracts are named for their point of origin and termination.
True or False: White matter consists of nerve cell bodies.
False. White matter consists of bundles of nerve fibers or axons.
What is the primary function of the bundles of nerve fibers in white matter?
The bundles of nerve fibers in white matter transmit information from the brain to the periphery (descending tracts of efferent neurons) or from the periphery to the brain (ascending tracts of afferent neurons).
How are the ascending and descending tracts in white matter named?
The ascending and descending tracts in white matter are named based on their point of origin and termination.
Explain the main function of white matter in the nervous system.
The main function of white matter is to transmit information between the brain and the periphery through bundles of axons, serving as highways for signals to travel.
Afferent and efferent connections: the ventral horn contains the cell bodies of efferent motor neurons and the lateral horn contains cell bodies for the autonomic (involuntary or unconscious, a part of the PNS) efferent fibres. The cell bodies for the afferent nerves are located outside of the spinal cord in regions called dorsal root ganglia, dorsal meaning located closer to the back of an animal. Ganglia are collections of neuron cell bodies. These cell bodies receive information from the periphery and relay it to the interneurons of the dorsal horn within the spinal cord grey matter. The dorsal root ganglia are connected to the spinal cord by two different pathways, the dorsal root containing the afferent input, and the ventral (towards the abdomen of an animal) root containing the efferent output. Note the efferent cell bodies are located within the cord. The afferent and efferent form nerves, which together connect the CNS to the rest of the body via the PNS.
The ventral horn contains the cell bodies of ______________ motor neurons.
The ventral horn contains the cell bodies of efferent motor neurons.
Where are the cell bodies for the autonomic efferent fibers located?
a) Dorsal root ganglia
b) Ventral horn
c) Lateral horn
d) Dorsal horn
c) Lateral horn. The cell bodies for autonomic efferent fibers are found in the lateral horn.
What is the function of dorsal root ganglia?
a) They contain afferent cell bodies.
b) They contain efferent cell bodies.
c) They are part of the spinal cord.
d) They transmit information from the brain to the periphery.
a) They contain afferent cell bodies. Dorsal root ganglia house the cell bodies for afferent nerves.
How are dorsal root ganglia connected to the spinal cord?
a) Through the dorsal root containing efferent input.
b) Through the ventral root containing afferent output.
c) Through the lateral root containing autonomic input.
d) Through both the dorsal and ventral roots.
d) Through both the dorsal and ventral roots. Dorsal root ganglia are connected to the spinal cord via both dorsal (afferent input) and ventral (efferent output) roots.
What is the role of afferent and efferent nerves in connecting the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body?
Afferent and efferent nerves form nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body via the peripheral nervous system (PNS). They transmit information to and from the CNS and play a crucial role in sensory perception and motor control.