Section 3

Question 1

Socialization practices (e.g., parenting styles)

Answer 1

Most important facets of parental behavior that vary in relation to the child, the family and the situational events

Question 2

Four groups of interaction patterns

Answer 2

Not independent groups, maintain relationships among each other

Question 3

Discipline

Answer 3

All the methods that parents are using to reduce or dissuade AB in children

Question 4

Positive parenting

Answer 4

Interactions that promote interpersonal, academic and working skills

Question 5

Monitoring

Answer 5

Knowledge that parents have on child’s friends, activities, whereabouts and life at school (in a positive way)

Question 6

Problem-solving and conflict

Answer 6

Acquire and use skills in solving problems and conflicts

Question 7

Oregon Social Learning Center (OSLC) research program

Answer 7

Most extensive and advanced research about development of AB and delinquency

Question 8

Compliance/ opposition

Answer 8

Early indicator of AB → Failure to acquire compliance levels to parental instructions

Question 9

Coercion

Answer 9

When the behavior of one or both interactors is controlled by aversive stimulation

Question 10

Escalation

Answer 10

Process through which a dyad goes from exchanging aversive minor tone events to aggressive behaviors of greater amplitude that characterize abusive episodes

Question 11

Predictability hypothesis

Answer 11

Erratic parental behavior establishes an interactional context for the child → unpredictable and uncertain

Question 12

Hypothesis of Social Continuity/ Connection

Answer 12

Children have basic need for predictable/ synchronous social exchanges

Question 13

Cooperative transactions

Answer 13

Produce continuity in synchronous exchanges → coercion only creates brief periods of synchrony between parents and child

Question 14

Apego (attachment)

Answer 14

Early interactions are the key on which the child organizes his world

Question 15

Child’s disruptive conduct

Answer 15

An instrumental response to the absence of social continuity

Question 16

Authoritarian asynchrony

Answer 16

Indiscriminate use of aversive reactions

Question 17

Permissive asynchrony

Answer 17

Indiscriminate positive reactions to child

Question 18

Behavioural observation system

Answer 18

Description of events to observe and recods and certain rules about how to carry out a quantitative and replicable systematic measurement

Question 19

Observational coding system

Answer 19

Data reduction strategy to obtain meaning from the complex stream of behaviour that occurs in family interaction

Question 20

Child attachment (apego)

Answer 20

Early interactions on which child organises his world → child develops expectations based on experiences

Question 21

Secure attachment

Answer 21

Promote positive social and emotional adaptation

Question 22

Self-regulation

Answer 22

Dimension of individual differences → setting out goals, planning, perseverance in the task, self-management, and behavioural, emotional and attention modulation

Question 23

Emotion- regulation

Answer 23

Initiating, avoiding, inhibiting, maintaining or modulating the occurrence, form, intensity or duration of internal states

Question 24

Effortful control

Answer 24

Executive function that generates a delay in responding, create space required and necessary to focus on goal-oriented actions

Question 25

Executive control of attention

Answer 25

Allows the individual to distract himself from noxious stimuli in the environment (volitional disengagement) and filter out the distracting stimuli to stay focused

Question 26

Activation control

Answer 26

Perform an action even though there is a strong tendency to avoid it

Question 27

Attention

Answer 27

Ability to concentrate, filter out distractions, attend to multiple tasks and to shift from one task to another

Question 28

Inhibitory control

Answer 28

Stick with plans and goals, able to keep secrets and able to control impulses

Question 29

Study theory into action

Answer 29

Study power of prediction of family socialization variables and the frequency/ severity of abuse of self-reported antisocial/ criminal behaviour

Question 30

SIP (Social information processing)

Answer 30

Knowledge structures that guide information processing in future interactions

Question 31

Attachment

Answer 31

Expectations of accessibility and availability of the others, working models (cognitive-affective representations) guide behaviour with others

Question 32

Coercion-predictability

Answer 32

Expectations of control and regularities on immediate results of coercive actions