Section 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What role did empire play in WW1?
A
- Many men from Empire volunteered to fight (E.g 1.4m Indians)
- Empire supplied resources (raw materials, food, etc)
- Joint decision making -> Colonial leaders wanted a say in where their troops were going
- Imperial War cabinet (showed union of empire BUT only 2 sessions and GB dominated)
- Imperial preference introduced
- Revealed racial tension still (GB didn’t let black man fight a white man -> believed it could compromise law in order in empire
- Curzon ‘GB flag never flew over a more united or powerful empire’
- Imperial enthusiasts -> used WW1 as demonstration of Imperial unity and how colonies were happy BUT failed to realise colonies made sacrifices which they expected to be compensated for
2
Q
How did GB show its prejudice + racial tension in WW1?
A
- GB didn’t let blacks fight whites as they believed it would compromise law and order in Empire
- During Palestine campaign West Indian volunteers endure Racial slurs
3
Q
White dominions involvement in WW1?
A
- Large amounts of ;Canadians Australians, New Zealanders
- Fought in Europe, Middle East, Africa
- New Zealand + Canada adopted conscription
- Canada supply GB with 1/3 of munitions + wheat uses by GB in France 1917-18
- The South African Defence Force (fought successfully Germany and its colonies)
- Smuts (Ex Boer in Boer war) joins Imperial war cabinet
4
Q
Example of White dominions independence during WW1
A
- National leaders insisted on their forces maintaining distinct national identities
- Final final say in conscription
- Boosted Self worth + confidence promoted desire for independence
5
Q
WW1 White Dominions Key battles?
A
- Gallipoli 1915 (Australians + New Zealanders) BUT they still lost (showed Turkish army had beat white army)
- Vimy Ridge 1917 (Canadians)
6
Q
White dominions Discontent with WW1
A
- 1918 Canada Quebec City Protests + Riots against conscription (French Canadians)
- Austrians reject conscription in two referendums (1916, 1917)
- Australians + Canadians alienated from GB identity due to GB rigid social systems
- South African Republican movement + Afrikaner movement questioned imperial connection + grew
- GB dominate Imperial war cabinet
- Boosted confidence + Self worth = increased desire for independence
7
Q
WW1 effect on India?
A
- Army + senior officers physically + mentally unprepared to fight modern European war
- Fought with hope to become equal part of empire
- Major contributions in Africa + Middle East
- 1917 Indian Gov contributed 100m
- Heavy losses = low moral + agitate sepoys
- Independence movement support grows (Indian Secretary of State Montagu promised responsible self gov for India in 1917)
- Promise included democratic representation for ordinary Indians + Review of India’s status once war had ended
8
Q
WW1 Effect on African colonies.
A
- 1914 Egypt becomes protectorate (Egyptians resent)
- 1.2mil Egyptians Recruited to Protect Egypt + Middle East (50k died in Europe)
- Famine + Disease problematic (100K labourers dead employed by both sides)
- Black men discovered new worlds = New ideas (question empire)
- Tarantoin Mutiny 1918 ( black man freedom to govern themselves)
9
Q
League of Nations mandates?
A
- Mandates supposed to help counties become independent
3 CATEGORIES;
-Category A; independence possible in the future (E.g Palestine)
-Category B; Needed way longer + more help (E.g Cameroon)
-Category C; Independence not considered (New Guinea)
-GB Argued; German + Ottoman colonies politically + economically underdeveloped THUS they needed guiding - Main GB aim Project India + economic factors
- 13m subjects gained
10
Q
What did Treaty of Severs (1920) + Treaty of Lausanne (1923) do?
A
- Strip Ottoman Empire of its colonial territories
11
Q
What treaty Stripped Germany of its colonies after WW1?
A
Treaty of Versailles
12
Q
America + Wilson’s view on Ex-German + Ottoman colonies?
A
- Future of the countries would be decided after balancing interests of the population
- Wilson keen on SELF-DETERMINATION
- GB didn’t like this but needed USAs finance
13
Q
Why did GB dominate League of Nations?
A
- USA was in isolation (didn’t join)
14
Q
Why did GB want to acquire Palestine?
A
STRATEGIC REASONS;
- Route to India + Asia
- Close to suez
15
Q
Why did GB want to acquire Iraq?
A
ECONOMIC
- Oil
