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The British Empire 1857-1967 (2022 EXAM) > Section 1 : 1857-1914 > Flashcards

Section 1 : 1857-1914 Flashcards

1
Q

What was granted by Elizabeth to the Britsh East India Company in 1600 ?

A
  • Monopoly over English trade in Asia
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2
Q

British East Indian Company Army?

A

250,000 (Larger then Britians)

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3
Q

When was The Government of India Act?

A

1858

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4
Q

Who mainly benifited from Empire until 1800s?

A

-Indviduals/Private companies

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5
Q

What was Treaty of Allahabad 1765?

A

E.I.C collects taxes in India not Mungal empire

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6
Q

How did East India Company have so much power?

A
  • Coperate lobying (400k paid Gov to keep position)

- Paid large dividends to share holders (many politicans had shares)

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7
Q

Causes of Indian mutiny ?

A

EIC:

  • Expansionist policy ( Governor General Dalhousie takes land from many nobles)
  • Locally insensitve policy caused nationalist agitation
  • Taxation + Pay issues
  • Efforts to westernise India

MAIN TRIGGER:
-85 sepoys refused use bullet cartridges covered in Pig/Beef fat = They were imprisoned

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8
Q

Who did Indian mutiny rebels appoint as Rebel leader?

A
  • Badahur Shah (Emperor of hindustan)
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9
Q

Effects of Indian mutiny?

A
  • Goverment of India Act 1858
  • EIC lost 1/6 of India + 1 year to take full control and win
  • GB burned villages
  • Emperors son executed (No chance of restoring Mughal Empire)
  • Cawnpore massacre
  • GB tries improve relations
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10
Q

What was the Colonial Tariff on India? 1857-90

A

India 0%

Compared USA 20%

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11
Q

Who benefitted most from railways in India?

A
  • British

More accesible to GB + used for things like transportation of military ect

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12
Q

When was Indian mutiny?

A

1857-8

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13
Q

Gov of India Act key points?

A
  • Nationalised E.I.C (Crown gains control of India)
  • Position of Viceroy created
  • Secretary of State created (Controls Indian Civil service
  • Indian Council created (15 Indians to support secretary of state)
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14
Q

When was Queen Victoria named empress of India? + By who

A
  • 1877

- Disraeli

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15
Q

Evidence that GB officials looked down on locals?

A
  • Viceroy Curzon ‘Civilising mission’
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16
Q

Doctrine of Lapse in 1858 ?

A

Princley states fall under GB rule

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17
Q

GB catious approach to Indian military?

A
  • Native troops mixed
  • All Officer rankings reserved for GB soldiers
  • More Gurkhas + Sikhs recruited
  • No artillery for Native troops
  • Indian troops deployed abroad (Arabi Pasha Rebellion 1882)
  • 62/74 Bengali regaments disbanded
  • By 1880s 1:2 Ratio (1🇬🇧:2🇮🇳🇮🇳)
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18
Q

GB Military focus India?

A

-Keep control + Avoid another mutiny

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19
Q

Indians could apply to be senior civil servants but…

A
  • All senior civil servants were white
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20
Q

India Cost and Army compared to GB itself?

A
  • Cost of gov in India nearly as much GB itself

- Indian army bigger then GB

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21
Q

Imperial police force created for what reason?

A

Police India (prevent things like INDIAN MUTINY)

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22
Q

How were development of Railways funded?

A

British Private companies

23
Q

Name postives (1) and negatives of Railways in India?

A
  • Positve : Improved infrastructure
  • Negatives : Contracts for railway maintenance + equipment given to GB companies
  • Made India reliant GB
24
Q

Why was Germany becoming a threat to GB Empire?

A
  • Newly unifed (1871)
  • Powerful victory Vs France (Franco-German war)
  • Expanded navy
  • Becoming Industrially + Economically powerful (1890s + 1900s New Industry cartells (1904 steel works assoiation created- Export steel globally)
25
Why France became threatening GB Empire?
- Need to ressert military strength elsewhere (Due to defeat in Franco-Prussian war) - Creation of Indochina 1887
26
How did GB respond to French + Russia gain in Asia?
- 1874 Malaya | - 1880s Burma, Borneo, Brunei
27
Russia becoming threat to GB?
-1891 Trans-Siberian Railway (Intruding on China)
28
What was the Impact of Depression?
- Many Banks bankrupt - Banks Stop leading money - Domestic demand for goods fell = Desire to Push goods into new markets increased (Asia & Africa) - Global economy drops - Railway bubble (Investments collapse)
29
When was Brussels Conference?
1876
30
Key points Brussles Conference 1876
- Hosted by king Leopold (belgium) - Africans unable of devloping their natural resources (Africans inferior) - Tension grew between Nations - Leopold speech ‘piercing the darkness’ - Agreed International European Assosiation should be established
31
Key Points Berlin Conference 1884-85
- Hosted by Otto van Bismarck - Principle of ‘Effective occupation’ - ( country need to show capacity to administer + defend) - Carved Africa (Dividing groups + Merged revial tribes) & Started Landgrab - 1884 80% controlled by tribes —> 1900 90% controlled by Europeans
32
Informal Empire in Iran?
- 1891 GB buisness buys rights to entire Tabbaco industry | - 1901 GB Anglo-Iranian Company buys Rights All Iran Oil 60 years
33
Informal Empire Latin America?
- Chile + Argentina main ones - 10% GB imports + exports from latin America - Upholding agreements BUT Military power sometimes (Peru 1957 + Chile 1863)
34
GB Informal empire Asia?
- Thailand gained (Via trade deals) - Trading bases accuired ; Hong Kong, Shanghai ect - Treaties Nanking 1842 (end of first opium war) + Tiesnstin 1858 (allowed brits + missionaries residence)
35
How did GB try improve relations in India after Indian Mutiny 1858?
- Star of India medals - Returned some land to natives - More education - More Indian nobles in imperial assembly + statutory civil service
36
Proof that Education was only for elites? INDIA
- after education act 1870 GB 25% illiterate —> 1872 97% illiterate in India
37
Where were diamonds found which triggered a diamond rush?
Kimberly
38
When did diamond rush start? (Diamonds found in Kimberly)
1967
39
Cecil Rhodes impact on diamond + Africa?
- 1871 moves to Kimberly | - 1890 All diamond companies in Kimberly owned by Cecil
40
When did GB take Basutoland
1868
41
What soured relations with orange state 1869?
- Major territory dispute
42
1852 GB allowed the Boers self government and the republic of Transvaal was born + Orange Free State 2Y later. But why did GB views change?
- Diamonds found Im Kimberly
43
What made the Boers lose the Transvaal?
- Struggled with Zulus + Pedis | - GB annexed it then claimed they need to defend white settlers
44
Explain GB Boer Aid? Why?when?Successful?
- Help defeat Zulus at Ulundi 1879 + defeated Pedi
45
What happened after GB finished giving Boers aid?
- 1880 Boers declared total independence from GB | - BUT GB not willing to except
46
Who were the Bantu people?
- 300-600 ethnic groups in Africa who speak Bantu | - Xhosa, Pedi, Zulu ect
47
Why GB bad Relations with the Bantu?
- Little thought give to native Bantu tribes (mining ruined locals land) - Increased wealth in regions but in the hands of settlers - Rights of black Africans limited - Segregation
48
Proof of bad relations GB with Bantu?
- 1868 annex Basutoland - 1871 annex west Griqualand - 1879 GB (Anglozulu war) beat Zulus + Pedi and annex
49
What happened due to Rhodes receiving charter 1889?
- Aims to get Rich + expand empire | - 1890 establishes fort at Salisbury + Gains control of Mashona land
50
What happened in first Boer war?
- GB defeated at Majuba Hill 1880-1 | - Pretoria convention (GB recognise Boer self gov of Transvaal)
51
Why did GB annex Benchuanaland ?
- Germany arrive in SW Africa = Fears of Germany Boer alliance - Benchuanaland = strategic attempt to prevent alliance
52
GB beef with the Boers?
- 1875 Boers reject federation of Boer + GB territory - GB reject Boers 1880 Independence claim - Boer war 1881 - Kruger imposes discriminatory policies on utlanders
53
Define informal empire
- Places influenced by GB economic power , sealed through trade agreements or by GB Investment or even coercion

The British Empire 1857-1967 (2022 EXAM) (4 decks)

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