Section 2B. Health Effects of Chemicals Flashcards
What are “local” health effects?
Local health effects are those that happen at the point of contact with the hazardous material.
What are “systemic” health effects?
A systemic effect is one that can occur anywhere in the body whereby a body “system” or organ is the target of the exposure.
What are the three (3) time frames of chemical effects?
- Immediate
- Delayed
- Long-term
What is immediate chemical exposure?
A measure of the toxic effects that occur within minutes to hours of the exposure.
What is meant by delayed chemical exposure?
Toxic effects occur hours to days following the exposure.
What is meant by long-term exposure?
Toxic effects occur months to years later.
Three areas of long-term health effects.
- Cancer
- Organ damage
- Reproductive harm.
Three (3) agencies that are commonly listed on Material Safety Data Sheets which list cancer-causing substances.
- OSHA
- International Agency for Research on Cancer.
- National Toxicology Program Report on Carcinogens.
Three (3) organs which are significantly at risk from long term exposure to chemicals.
The lungs, the liver, and the kidneys.
Birth defects can be caused by chemical exposure to what types of materials?
Mutagenic or teratogenic materials.
What government organization established a number of programs protecting the worker by limiting the exposure to the materials to specific amounts or “doses” for particular time periods?
OSHA
What does PEL stand for?
Permissible Exposure Level which is established by OSHA
What does TLV/TWA stand for?
Threshold Limit Value/Time Weighted Average which is established by those who set standards such as the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
What does STEL stand for?
Short Term Exposure Limit. This is considered to be the 15 minute safe dose.
What does IDLGH stand for?
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health.
