Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Digestion > Section 2B > Flashcards

Section 2B Flashcards

1
Q

What is gastritis?

A

Inflammation of the stomach lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute gastritis is most commonly associated with what 4 local irritants?

A

Bacterial endotoxins
Alcohol
Aspirin
NSAIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 4 symptoms of acute gastritis

A
  1. Anorexia
  2. Nausea
  3. Emesis
  4. Transient pain and usually disappear once the agent is removed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What occurs during chronic gastritis

A

Atrophy of the glandular epithelium of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common form of chronic gastritis

A

Helicobacter pylori gastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was the accepted medical paradigm to explain ulcers until the early 1980s

A

That excess acid damaged the gastric mucosa and that treatment should be aimed at reducing or neutralizing that acid. Many clinicians linked overproduction of acid to stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What allows H. pylori to survive in the stomach?

A

It survives because it produces the enzyme urease, which generates substances (NH3) that neutralize the stomach’s acid and enable the bacteria to survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T or F, H. pylori does not penetrate the gastric mucosa

A

False, It does

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Other than H. pylori, what are 3 other risk factors for peptic ulcer disease?

A
  1. NSAIDs
  2. Smoking
  3. Ethanol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a hiatal hernia?

A

Occurs when a portion of the stomach prolapses through the diaphragmatic or esophageal hiatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name 5 predisposing factors of hiatal hernias

A
  1. Muscle weakening and loss of elasticity as people age
  2. More common in women. Pregnancy forces
  3. Western, fiber-depleted diet leads to chronic constipation and straining during bowel movement
  4. Obesity because of increased abdominal pressure
  5. presence of abdominal ascites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T or F, Hiatal hernias do not affect LES function

A

False, They may compromise LES function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Does a hiatal hernia increase the risk for GERD?

A

Yes, it may trap a reservoir of gastric contents above the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of Intrinsic factor (IF) that is produced by the stomach?

A

IF binds to vitamin B12 in the small intestine. The complex is then absorbed by enterocytes of the terminal ileum, from which it is delivered to the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does inadequate absorption of vitamin B12 cause?

A

Pernicious anemia which is characterized by the appearance in the bloodstream of large primitive RBC precursors called megaloblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 oral manifestations of pernicious anemia

A
  1. Erythema and atrophy of the dorsal tongue

2. Burning macular, erythematous mucosal lesions

17
Q

Is the stomach necessary to survival?

A

No, survival is possible with the stomach completely removed. Pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes are adequate for full digestion

18
Q

What 3 things must occur for digestion when a stomach is absent

A
  1. Food must be eaten in very small amounts, very frequently
  2. Vitamin B12 supplements must be taken
  3. Care should be taken to eat properly cleaned food
19
Q

Vomiting expulses contents of what two parts of the GI tract

A

stomach and or proximal small intestine

20
Q

Vomiting can have what 4 serious consequences?

A

Acid-base disorders
Volume and electrolyte depletion
Malnutrition
Aspiration pneumonia

21
Q

Vomiting is usually experiences as the finale of what three events?

A

Nausea
Retching (dry heaves)
Emesis or vomiting

22
Q

What is the association between nausea and gastric motility and tone?

A

Nausea is typically associated with decreased gastric motility and increased tone in the small intestine

23
Q

T or F, there is often reverse peristalsis in the proximal small intestine

A

True

24
Q

What occurs with the different regions of the stomach during the dry heaves

A

Antrum contracts

Funda and cardia relax

25
Q

Outline the 3 steps of Emesis

A
  1. Deep breath is taken, glottis is closed and larynx is raised to open the upper esophageal sphincter. Soft palate is elevated to close off posterior nares
  2. Diaphragm is contracted sharply downward to create negative pressure in thorax, facilitating the opening of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter
  3. Muscles of abdominal walls are vigorously contracted squeezing the stomach and thus elevating intra-gastric pressure.
26
Q

What are the causes of vomiting associated with GI tract

A

Bacterial toxins, alcohol, distension or obstruction of organs, pharyngeal irritation

27
Q

Causes of vomiting associated with CNS

A

Psychogenic factors (sights, smells, feelings), pain, motion sickness, increased ICP

28
Q

Causes of vomiting associated with therapeutic agents

A

Cancer chemotherapy, morphine, NSAIDs, antibiotics

29
Q

Causes of vomiting associated with metabolic disorders

A

Ketoacidosis, renal failure

30
Q

Other than irritating stimuli in the GI tract, what portion of the brain can cause vomiting?

A

Located bilaterally on the floor of the 4th ventricle called the chemoreceptor trigger zone

Digestion (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions