Section 25: Hashing

Question 1

Hashing

Answer 1

One way cryptographic function which takes an input and produces a unique message digest

Question 2

MD5 Algo

Answer 2

Algo that creates a fixed length 128 bit hash value unique to the input file

Question 3

Collision

Answer 3

Condition that occurs when two different files create the same hash digest

Question 4

SHA-1, 2, and 3 (Secure Hash Algorithm)

Answer 4

Family of Algorithms - different numbers of rounds

Question 5

RIPEMD

Answer 5

Open source and competes with SHA

Question 6

HMAC

Answer 6

Checks integrity

Question 7

Digital Signatures

Answer 7

Prevent collisions from being used to spoof the integrity of a message

Question 8

Digital Signatures should use

Answer 8

DSA, RSA, ECDSA, or SHA

Question 9

Code Signing

Answer 9

Uses digital sig to provide an assurance that the software code has not been modified after it was submitted by the developer (putting an app on the app store)

Question 10

LANMAN

Answer 10

original version of password hashing used by Windows that uses DES and is limited to 14 characters (disabled by default)

Question 11

NT LAN Manager Hash

Answer 11

Replacement for LMHash that uses RC4

Question 12

NTLMv2 Hash

Answer 12

Replacement for NTLANMAN

Question 13

Hashing is used to ensure

Answer 13

Integrity

Question 14

Two most common hashes

Answer 14

MD5 and SHA (MD5 less secure than SHA)

Question 15

Pass the Hash

Answer 15

A technique that allows an attacker to authenticate to a remote server or service by using the underlying NTLM or LM hash instead of requiring the associated plaintext password

Question 16

Mimikatz

Answer 16

Automate the harvesting of a hash program

Question 17

Birthday Attack

Answer 17

Technique used by an attacker to find two different messages that have the same identical hash value (causes a collision)

Question 18

Collision

Answer 18

Occurs when two different inputs to a has created an identical hash digest output

Question 19

Key Stretching

Answer 19

Mitigates a weaker key by increasing the time needed to crack it

Question 20

Salting

Answer 20

Adding random data into a one way cryptographic hash to help protect against password cracking techniques

Question 21

Bits for hashes

Answer 21

SHA-1 creates a 160-bit fixed output. SHA-2 creates a 256-bit fixed output. NTLM creates a 128-bit fixed output. MD-5 creates a 128-bit fixed output.