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Soil > Section 2.2 Fundamental Components of Soil > Flashcards

Section 2.2 Fundamental Components of Soil Flashcards

1
Q

Fundamental Components of Soil
This is called a

A B C are called

A

SOIL PROFILE

Soil Horizons

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2
Q

 Refer to “A3” of your Lecture Supplement for more information

Components of Soil include:

  1. – M
  2. – O
  3. – W
  4. – A
A
  1. – Minerals
  2. – Organic Matter
  3. – Water
  4. – Air
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3
Q

Non-living crystalline compounds found in rocks.

The main solid component of most soils Include:

  1. – Primary
  2. – S and
  3. – C M

What has the smallest amount in rocks?

Most?

A
  1. – Primary
  2. – Secondary and
  3. – Carbonate Minerals

organic material 5%

minerals 45%

(Water 25% Air 25%)

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4
Q

Primary Minerals

  1. Relatively unchanged since forming from ?
  2. What is a common primary mineral found in sand sized particles?
  3. What contributes to MOVEMENT of water and air through soils because of their larger size?
  4. but Primary Mnerals provide ___ fertility and water holding
A
  1. lava
  2. Quartz
  3. Primary Minerals
  4. poor
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5
Q

Secondary Minerals:

  1. Form from the weathering (?) of primary minerals
  2. What is the DOMINANTmineral among the fine (clay) soil particles?
  3. Secondary Minerals improve soil F and
  4. W holding

T/F:
Secondary Minerals are the breakdown particles of primary minerals

A
  1. breakdown
  2. SECONDARY MINERALS
  3. Fertility
  4. Water

T

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6
Q

?

A

Clay

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7
Q

The general relationship between

?

  1. High clay + low quartz and primary =
  2. equal parts=
  3. low clay + high quartz and other primary
A

The general relationship between

particle size and mineral composition

  1. High clay + low quartz and primary = clay
    • (Lacustrine)
  2. equal parts = silt
    • (Eolia)
  3. low clay + high quartz and other primary = gravel and sand
    • (fluvial)
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8
Q

Carbonate Minerals

  1. What does Carbonite Minerals mainly consist of?
  2. Where do Carbonite Minerals originate from ?
  3. What do Carbonite Minerals maintain ???
  4. Very high carbonate levels may interfere with ? growth
  5. Carbonates can be detected with dilute ?(effervescence)
A
  1. calcite and dolomite
  2. limestone bedrock
  3. alkaline soil pH
  4. plant
  5. HCl
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9
Q

About Carbonite Minerals…

 Mainly ? and ? which originate from limestone bedrock

 Maintain a soil a pH

 Very high ? levels may interfere with plant growth

 Carbonates can be ? with dilute HCl (effervescence)

A

calcite and dolomite

alkaline

carbonate

detected

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10
Q
A

Carbonite

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11
Q

Organic Matter

  • Plant, animal and ? residues
  • “Active organic matter” is readily ?
  • “H____” is resistant to decomposition
A
  • microbial
  • decomposed
  • Humus
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12
Q

Organic Material

 Plant, animal and microbial residues

 “?AOM?” is readily decomposed

 “Humus” is

A

Active organic matter

resistant to decomposition

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

Active and Resistant Organic Matter

A
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15
Q
A
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16
Q

 Benefits of Organic Matter

– Breaks down to supply plant n________

– Enhances soil _____ by binding s____ p_____together

– Provides food source for M________

A

nutrients

structure ….. soil particles

Microbes

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17
Q

?

A

Organic Matter

 Benefits of Organic Matter

  1. – Breaks down to supply plant nutrients
  2. – Enhances soil structure by binding soil particles together
  3. – Provides food source for microbes
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18
Q

Organic Matter

 Benefits of Organic Matter

– Breaks down to s____ p____ n_______

– E_____ s_____ s_______ by binding soil particles together

– Provides f_____ s_____ for m_______

A

supply plant nutrients

Enhances soil structure

food source for microbes

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19
Q

Soil Water:

  • Is the water held in pore spaces by the combined forces of adhesion and cohesion
    • Adhesion is the attractive force between a w m and the s p s
    • Cohesion is the attraction between two ____ ____
A

water molecules and the soil particle surface

water molecules

20
Q

Soil Reservoir

 The total water held in pore spaces against gravity is called “the s___ r_____”

A

soil reservoir

21
Q

SOIL Water

  • Is the water held in ? ?
  • by the combined forces of adhesion and cohesion –
    • ? is the attractive force between a water molecule and the soil particle surface
    • Cohesion is the attraction between two water molecules
    • The total water held in pore spaces against gravity is called ?
A

pore spaces

Adhesion

“the soil reservoir”

22
Q

Soil Water is:

A

the water held in pore spaces by the combined forces of adhesion and cohesion

23
Q
  1. Soil Water is…
  2. Adhesion is…
  3. Cohesion is…
  4. “the soil reservoir” is…
A
  1. the water held in pore spaces by the combined forces of adhesion and cohesion
  2. the attractive force between a water molecule and the soil particle surface
  3. the attraction between two water molecules
  4. The total water held in pore spaces against gravity
24
Q

?

A
25
Q

Sand-sized Soil Particles

 Have relatively low total S A with which to retain water

 Sandy soils provide P W H but good drainage

A

surface areas

poor water holding

26
Q

Talk about pic

A

Sand-sized Soil Particles

 Have relatively low total surface areas with which to retain water

 Sandy soils provide poor water holding but good drainage

27
Q
A

Clay Textured Soils

28
Q

?

A

Clay Textured Soils

29
Q

Clay Textured Soils:

  •  Clay soils have large total surface areas and retain ??
  • Much of the water in clay textured soils may be held so tightly that it is U___________ for _____ _____ however.
A

more water​

unavailable for plant use

30
Q

Clay Textured Soils

 Clay soils have large total surface areas and retain more ?

– Much of the water in clay textured soils may be held so tightly that it is ? for plant use however.

– Medium textured soils tend to have the best combination of…. whc for pg

A

water

unavailable

water holding characteristics for plant growth

31
Q
A
32
Q

Soil Air

 Is not i so its composition varies from place to place

A

interconnected

33
Q

What is not interconnected so its composition varies from place to placeplace to place?

A

SOIL AIR

34
Q

What has…

  • – relative humidity near 100%
  • – a higher CO2 content than the atmosphere
  • – reduced O2 content compared to atmosphere
A

SOIL AIR

35
Q
  • – Sandy soils replenish ___ ___ more rapidly than clay textured soils
  • – ? soils reduce air flow and promote the buildup of toxic gases from anaerobic decomposition
  • – Tillage of wet soils leads to compaction which reduces pore space and slows ? movement
A

soil air

Waterlogged

air

36
Q

Soil Air

Is not interconnected so its _____ varies from place to place –

  1. Has relative humidity near %
  2. Has a higher CO2 content than the
  3. Has reduced ? content compared to atmosphere
  4. Sandy soils replenish soil air more rapidly than cts
  5. Waterlogged soils reduce air flow and promote the buildup of…TGfAD
  6. Tillage of wet soils leads to ? which reduces pore space and slows ??
A

composition

    1. 100%
    1. atmosphere
    1. O2
      1. CLAY TEXTURED SOILS
    1. toxic gases from anaerobic decomposition
    1. compaction … air movement
37
Q

What is Soil?

  • 3D natural body of u m on the surface of the earth
  • subjected to, and influenced by pm c biotic i and t
  • the genetic and environmental factors of and characteristics from the parent materials (pm or pgm) from which it was derived and is capable of supporting the growth of land plants.
A

unconsolidated matter

parent material, climate, biotic influences and topography

38
Q

?

has been all acting over a period of time to produce a product that differs in

  1. p
  2. c
  3. b
  4. morphological and
  5. mineralogical properties
A

Soil

  1. physical,
  2. chemical,
  3. biological,
39
Q

the

3D natural body of unconsolidated matter on the surface of the earth

is

the

definition

of

A

SOIL

40
Q
A
41
Q

What is a simple definition of Soil?

A
  • Unconsolidated
  • Occurs Naturally
  • Has Distinct Layers
42
Q
A
43
Q

Simple definition of soil?

A cross section of soil showing A,B and C horizons is known as a “____ _____”

A

OCCURS NATURALLY unconsoludated, distinct layers,

“soil profile”

44
Q
A
45
Q
A

Soil (7 decks)

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